Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry
Tensiometer / Goniometer
Surface / Interfacial tensiometer is an ideal device used to determine water (soil moisture) potential tension in the vadose zone. It’s widely used to inspect the insulation oil materials in irrigation works, electric power department; or research and education work in petroleum, chemical engineering, science academy.
Contact angle meters (also known as optical tensiometers or goniometers) allow direct measurements of surface tension, interfacial tension and contact angles. Contact angle is an extremely versatile technique used for characterization of both liquids and solids.
UnitedTest Popular Tensiometer / Goniometer
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Du Nouy Ring Surface Interfacial Tensiometer
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PC controlled Interfacial tensiometer
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Interface, surface Tensiometer
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Automatic Bubble Pressure tensiometer
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Introduction of Surface / Interfacial tension test and contact angel
Interfacial tension of a liquid describes the tension force that counteracts an enlargement of the interface. It allows conclusions to be drawn about how well the liquid spreads on a solid or mixes with another liquid.
Surface tension: To measure the surface tension between a liquid and the air, the Tensiometer duNouy ring is placed below the surface of the liquid. This test is performed by pulling the ring upward through the surface of the liquid. The force needed for the ring to break the surface (overcome the surface tension) is determined.
Interfacial tension: There are applications where the surface tension at the boundary of two liquids needs to be measured. This is called interfacial surface tension.
Du Nouy ring method: The du Nouy ring method is one technique by which the surface tension of a liquid can be measured. The method involves slowly lifting a ring, often made of platinum, from the surface of a liquid. The force required to raise the ring from the liquid's surface is measured and related to the liquid's surface tension.

Wilhelmy plate method: is a force-based measuring method for determining the interfacial and surface tension of a liquid. A tensiometer with a high-precision balance is required to carry out this measurement. The so-called Wilhelmy-equation is then used for the calculation.

Surface / Interfacial tensiometer is an ideal device used to determine water (soil moisture) potential tension in the vadose zone. It's widely used to inspect the insulation oil materials in irrigation works, electric power department; or research and education work in petroleum, chemical engineering, science academy. The Tensiometer for this test needs to pull the ring up through the boundary between the lower, higher density liquid, and the liquid that is floating above. The force needed to break through the surface of the higher density liquid is recorded as interfacial surface tension.The force needed to break the boundary going from the floating liquid to the greater density liquid is measured by pushing the ring down through the boundary.
What is Contact Angle?
Contact Angle, θ, is a measurement that quantifies the wetting of a solid by a liquid. It is defined geometrically as the angle formed by a liquid at the three-phase boundary point where a liquid, gas, and solid intersect. The well-known Young Equation describes the balance at the three-phase contact of solid, liquid, and gas.
What is Wettability?
Wettability refers to the tendency of liquids to spread across a surface of interest. It is commonly characterized by using water as the probe liquid for a static contact angle measurement. In general, surfaces on which the liquid tends to spread out, forming a flatter droplet, are described as having good wetting or high wettability. Surfaces on which liquid tends to “ball up” are described as having poor wetting or low wettability.

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