JIS Z1707 General rules of plastic films for food packaging

JIS Z1707 unifies universal technical requirements for single-layer and multi-layer plastic films (<250 μm thickness) directly contacting food for food packaging. Not include laminated films containing paper or metal foil as structural layers.The test stilupated in this standard is mainly include: Tensile test, Heat-seal strength, Puncture strength, Static / kinetic friction, Impact strength, Water vapor transmission rate, Oxygen transmission rate, Heat resistance, Wetting tension, Haze, Surface roughness, Anti-fog properties, Shrinkage etc., 

ASTM D1044 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion

ASTM D1044 test methods for transparent plastics, designed to quantify surface scratch/wear damage via optical haze change instead of mass or volume loss (volume loss measurement is abandoned due to poor inter-laboratory repeatability). The core evaluation indicator is haze difference (Δhaze) between unabraded and abraded samples.

ISO 13468-1 Plastics – Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent materials – Part 1: Single-beam instrument

ISO 13468-1 specifies a method for measuring total luminous transmittance (τₜ) in the visible region of planar, transparent and substantially colourless plastics, using a single‑beam photometer with a specified CIE standard light source and photodetector. Application for planar, nearly colourless transparent plastic films, sheets and moulded parts ≤10 mm thick; faintly tinted plastics are permitted.

ISO 14782 Plastics – Determination of haze for transparent material

ISO 14782 specifies a method for measuring haze — an optical property arising from wide‑angle scattering of light — in transparent and substantially colourless plastics. Quantifies haze (wide-angle light scattering) of flat, substantially colourless transparent plastics, with a valid measurement range of haze below 40%. 

ISO 6383-2 Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of tear resistance — Part 2: Elmendorf method

ISO 6383-2 specifies the Elmendorf pendulum method to measure the force required to propagate an existing pre-cut slit across thin flexible plastic film and sheeting under standardized loading conditions.

ISO 11501 Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of dimensional change on heating

ISO 11501 specifies a uniform laboratory test method to quantify thermal dimensional variation of plastic films and thin sheets (max thickness 1 mm), covering both machine (longitudinal) and transverse directions, for all plastics whether heat-shrinkable or non-shrink grade. 

ASTM D1204 Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature

ASTM D1204 is method to measure linear dimensional change (shrinkage or expansion) of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting/film when exposed to a specified elevated temperature and time in air. Applies to nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting/film made by calender or extrusion processes, the heating medium is air (mechanical convection oven) — this points is the fundamental difference from ASTM D2732 (liquid bath). 

ASTM D2732 standardized laboratory method to measure the degree of unrestrained (free) linear thermal shrinkage of plastic films and sheets ≤ 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) thick at a specified temperature. Quantifies irreversible rapid linear dimensional reduction when plastic film is exposed to high temperature under zero or minimal external restraint. 

ASTM D4226 Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products

ASTM D4226 covers determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic sheeting, profile flat sections used in building products, and extruded/molded test samples, under a free-falling standard weight striking an impactor in contact with the specimen.

Also known as the Gardner falling-weight impact test for rigid flat plastic panels. It quantifies the impact energy required to crack, puncture, shatter, or tear rigid PVC sheets, extruded profiles, and molded flat coupons via a free-falling standardized weight striking a defined impactor tip. It uniquely distinguishes ductile failure (plastic tearing, stretching) and brittle failure (sharp cracking, shattering) to characterize the ductile-to-brittle transition of PVC building plastics. 

ASTM D1894 quantifies surface slip resistance of plastic films and thin sheets sliding against identical film, metal, glass or other flat substrates, generating empirical friction data for production quality control and material performance evaluation. Test static (starting) and kinetic (continuous sliding) friction coefficients of plastic film & thin sheeting; primary for flexible packaging materials.

ISO 8295 specifies a standardized laboratory method to determine the static (starting) coefficient of friction and the dynamic (sliding) coefficient of friction of plastic films and sheeting — most commonly when the film slides over itself (film/ film) or over another substance (film/ metal, film/ other plastic surface, etc.).

ISO 180 specifies unified methods to measure the Izod impact strength of plastics under standardized conditions, evaluating material brittleness and toughness via pendulum impact tests.

ISO 34-1 specifying tear strength testing for vulcanized and thermoplastic rubber, include three conventional specimen (trouser, angle, crescent) for regular-size rubber samples. Tear strength is a fundamentally different property from tensile strength. 

ISO 36 defines the standardized 180° peel adhesion test to quantify bonding strength between vulcanized/thermoplastic rubber and textile fabrics via stripping separation force measurement. Tells you how strongly the rubber is glued/chemically bonded to the fabric.

ASTMD3029 is designed to determine the relative ranking of rigid plastic materials based on the energy required to crack or break them under specified impact conditions.

ASTMD5628 specifies a falling‑dart/tup method to measure the threshold impact‑failure energy for flat rigid plastics. It uses the Bruceton Staircase (Up‑and‑Down) Method to determine the energy causing 50% of specimens to fail (mean‑failure energy, MFE).

ISO 6603-1 specifies falling-dart methods to measure the puncture‑impact performance of rigid plastics using only the 50% impact‑failure energy (E₅₀) threshold, without recording force–time or force–deflection curves.

ISO 291 is a fundamental conditioning and testing environment standard for plastics. It specifies the atmospheric conditions under which plastic samples must be prepared (conditioned) and tested to ensure data reproducibility and comparability.

ISO 11173 specifies the staircase falling-weight impact method to evaluate the external impact resistance of circular thermoplastic pipes, mainly for batch qualification at 0 °C (–20 °C recommended for sub-zero testing).

EN 744 specifying the round-the-clock falling-weight impact method to evaluate the resistance to external blows of circular cross-section thermoplastics pipes. It's a standardized procedure to determine the ability of thermoplastic pipes to withstand external impacts without failing.

EN 1411 specifies a standardized laboratory procedure to evaluate the impact toughness of thermoplastic pipes. Unlike pass/fail tests, this method statistically determines the H₅₀ value—the estimated height of fall that causes a 50% failure rate in a batch of pipes.

EN 1277 specifies test methods for assessing the leaktightness of elastomeric sealing ring type joints used in buried, non‑pressure thermoplastics piping systems, such as those for drainage and sewerage. The standard defines three test pressures (partial vacuum, low hydrostatic pressure, and higher hydrostatic pressure) and four test conditions (with or without diametric and/or angular deflection). 

ISO 5470-1: Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics -- Determination of abrasion resistance -- Part 1: Taber abrader.

ISO 5470-1 specifies a method for determining the abrasion resistance of rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics using the Taber abrader apparatus. This test simulates wear under controlled conditions to evaluate a material's durability.

ASTM D1598 Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure. It is a fundamental test method used to determine the long-term hydrostatic strength and resistance of thermoplastic pipe by applying a constant internal pressure until the pipe specimen fails (ruptures). Which is critical for establishing hydrostatic design basis and ensuring long-term pipeline reliability.

ASTM D4329 covers specific procedures and test conditions based on practices ASTM G151 as well as ASTM G154.  ASTM D4329 also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results. 

ASTM D4329 useage:

Polymers can have their mechanical, electrical and optical properties significantly altered when exposed under outdoor conditions such as light, heat and water. This method is intended to prompt property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture in addition to heat. The simulation of the deterioration provoked by localized weather, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure is not intended by the exposure used in this practice. For a combination of fluorescent light exposure and salt water, you should consider ASTM D5894.

ASTM D2565 is a standard practice for xenon-arc exposure of plastics intended for outdoor applications. 

ASTM D2565 covers specific procedures and test conditions based on related testing practices of ASTM G151 and ASTM G155. ASTM D2565 also covers the preparation of test specimens, test conditions best suited for plastics, a well as the evaluation of test results.  

ASTM D6110 test method is used to determine the resistance of plastics to breakage by flexural shock as indicated by the energy extracted from standardized pendulum-type hammers, mounted in standardized machines, in breaking standard specimens with one pendulum swing. This test method requires specimens to be made with a milled notch. The notch produces a stress concentration which promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture. The results of this test method are reported in terms of energy absorbed per unit of specimen width. 

The tests require specimens made with a milled notch, hence the test is often referred to as the “notched bar impact test”. In both the Charpy and Izod Tests, the notch produces a stress concentration which promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture.

ASTM D6110 test method is for measuring plastics’ ability to resist fracture under sudden flexural shock (high-strain-rate impact loading). It quantifies the energy a notched plastic bar absorbs during complete fracture via a single pendulum swing, with results primarily reported as absorbed energy per unit specimen width (J/m). Similar with ISO 179 (plastic Charpy impact) but has entirely distinct technical specifications. 

The tests require specimens made with a milled notch, hence the test is often referred to as the “notched bar impact test”. In both the Charpy and Izod Tests, the notch produces a stress concentration which promotes a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture.

ASTM D790: Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

ASTM D790 test methods are used to determine the flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high modulus composites and electrical insulating materials utilizing a three-point loading system to apply a load to a simply supported beam (specimen). The method is generally applicable to both rigid and semi-rigid materials, but flexural strength cannot be determined for those materials that do not break or yield in the outer surface of the test specimen within the 5.0 % strain limit.

ASTM D1709: Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method

ASTM D1709 test methods cover the determination of the energy that causes plastic film to fail under specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart. This energy is expressed in terms of the weight (mass) of the missile falling from a specified height which would result in 50 % failure of specimens tested.

ASTM D882: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting

ASTM D882 designed to measure tensile mechanical properties including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, tensile energy to break and tensile modulus of elasticity of thin plastic films and sheeting with thickness below 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) It covers full testing workflows including specimen preparation, conditioning, equipment configuration, tension loading, data recording, mathematical calculation, and result reporting for flexible thin plastic substrates. The samples are cut in strips that minimally have to be eight times longer than wide. No dumbbell shape is cut for materials of that thickness. Cut samples need to be free of nicks and other cutting defects since they will have an important impact on the test results variation. 

ASTM D1004: Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting

ASTM D1004 is a test method that determines the tear strength of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates of loading using a constant-rate-of crosshead-movement type tensile testing machine. Tearing is produced in a small area of stress concentration of the plastic film or sheeting specimen at controlled speeds below the rate encountered in real world applications in order to produce the most reliable data, which can be used to compare and analyze the tear resistance. Actual use of performance in tearing of certain plastics may not necessarily corralate with the data acquired from this test method. The specimen geometry of this test method produces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually found near the onset of tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in newtons (or pounds-force). The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing or where maximum extension is greater than 101.6 mm (4 in.).

ASTM D1003 Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

ASTM D1003 covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. It defines how to quantify two key optical properties of planar, essentially transparent plastic sheets or films. 

ASTM D570: Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics

ASTM D570 test method covers the determination of the relative rate of absorption of water by plastics when immersed. This test method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of plastics, including cast, hot-molded, and cold-molded resinous products, and both homogeneous and laminated plastics in rod and tube form and in sheets 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) or greater in thickness.

ASTM D695: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

ASTM D695 test covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).

ASTM D638 determining the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics using dumbbell-shaped (dogbone) specimens tested under closely controlled conditions of conditioning, temperature, humidity, and crosshead speed. For measuring the tensile mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including thermoplastics, thermosets, molded plastics, and plastic composites.

ISO 527-3 Plastics - TENSILE PROPERTIES - PART 3: FOR FILMS AND SHEETS

ISO 527-3 specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of plastic films and sheets with a thickness less than 1 mm, based on the general principles of ISO 527-1. Provides standardized procedures to measure critical mechanical parameters including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus for thin plastic materials. It is critically important because thin films behave very differently under stress compared to rigid plastics; they are more prone to tearing, slipping, and deformation. By standardizing the test conditions, this document ensures that material specifications, quality control, and research data are globally comparable and reliable.  Specimen created following ISO 527-3 can be used to determine the tensile properties of thin plastic sheets and films including the tensile modulus of elasticity and the tensile energy to break (TEB).

ISO 527-1 covers the test procedures for determining tensile properties of plastics and plastic composites. Tensile properties of plastics that are determined through the practices of ISO 527-1 include tensile strength, tensile modulus and other properties related to stress strain characteristics of plastic materials. 

ISO 527-2 specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of moulding and extrusion plastics, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1. The methods described in ISO 527-2 are selectively suitable for use with the following range of materials: rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, extrusion and cast materials, including compounds filled and reinforced by, for example, short fibres, small rods, plates or granules but excluding textile fibres (see ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5).

ISO 178 Plastics - Determination of flexural properties

ISO 178 specifies a method for determining the flexural properties of rigid and semi-rigid plastics under defined conditions. A standard test specimen is defined, but parameters are included for alternative specimen sizes for use where appropriate. A range of test speeds is included.

ISO 178 test method is used to investigate the flexural behaviour of the test specimens and to determine the flexural strength, flexural modulus and other aspects of the flexural stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined. It applies to a freely supported beam, loaded at midspan (three-point loading test).

ISO 179: Plastics -- Determination of Charpy impact properties

ASTM D6110: Standard Test Method for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics.

ISO 179 specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined. Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.

The method can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.

ISO 306 used to determine the Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of thermoplastic materials. The VST is defined as the temperature at which a thermoplastic material starts to soften rapidly under a specified load and heating rate.

ASTM D648 is the globally recognized testing standard for measuring deflection temperature under flexural load (DTUL, also widely known as HDT) of rigid and semi-rigid plastic materials. This standard defines the critical heat deflection temperature as the heating temperature that triggers a specified 0.25 mm midspan deformation, when plastic test specimens bear fixed flexural stress under a steady, controlled heating rate.

DTUL/HDT values measured per ASTM D648 directly evaluate how rigid plastics retain mechanical load-bearing capacity under high-temperature working conditions, a core index for plastic material quality verification. The standard covers molded and extruded rigid thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, filled and unfilled polymer composites with base thickness no less than 3 mm. Thin plastic sheets ranging 1–3 mm thick can be laminated into multi-layer composite test samples to satisfy the minimum specimen thickness testing requirements for ASTM D648 HDT testing machines.

ISO 75 Plastics -- Determination of temperature of deflection under load.

ISO 75 outlines the universal standardized test procedure for measuring plastics’ temperature of deflection under load, also referred to as heat deflection temperature (HDT) under three-point flexural loading. This testing protocol applies to a broad range of polymer materials, including thermoplastics, rigid hard rubber, and thermosetting plastic laminates.

ISO 8256:2023 Plastics — Determination of tensile-impact strength

ISO 8256 specifies two methods (method A and method B) for the determination of the tensile-impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. The tests can be described as tensile tests at relatively high strain rates. These methods can be used for rigid materials (as defined in ISO 472), but are especially useful for materials too flexible or too thin to be tested with impact tests conforming to ISO 179 or ISO 180.These methods are used for investigating the behaviour of specified specimens under specified impact velocities, and for estimating the brittleness or the toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. Similar with standard ASTM D1822. 

These methods are applicable both to specimens prepared from moulding materials and to specimens taken from finished or semi-finished products (for example mouldings, films, laminates, or extruded or cast sheets).

ISO 4589-2:2017 specifies methods for determining the minimum volume fraction of oxygen, in admixture with nitrogen, that will support combustion of small vertical test specimens under specified test conditions. The results are defined as oxygen index (OI) values.

UNTIEDTEST YZS series oxygen index tester is designed for this standard test. 

Methods are provided for testing materials that are self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheets up to 10,5 mm thick. These methods are suitable for solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density 100 kg/m3 or greater. The methods might also be applicable to some cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 100 kg/m3. A method is provided for testing flexible sheets or film materials while supported vertically.

ISO 37 and ASTM D412 are both widely recognized tensile test methods designed to evaluate the stress-strain characteristics of various rubber materials, including natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber, and thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). While both standards aim to determine the tensile properties of rubber and elastomers, they differ in their specific methodologies and applications.