EN 477 Falling Mass Impact Test for PVC Profiles | UnitedTest PVC-U Profile Impact Resistance Testing Machine

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Impact Test evaluates material resistance to sudden shock loads, critical for assessing toughness and fracture risk. UnitedTest offers impact testers (Charpy/Izod/fall weight) compliant with ASTM E23/ISO 148, providing tailored solutions for metals, plastics, glass and industrial components.

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EN 477 Drop Weight Impact Tester for PVC-U Profiles | UnitedTest

UnitedTest manufactures EN 477 testing machines for falling mass impact resistance test of rigid PVC-U plastic profiles, conducting low-temperature impact testing typically at -10°C for building PVC profile quality inspection.

EN 477 Plastics‑Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)‑based profiles‑Determination of the resistance to impact of profiles by falling mass

EN 477 specifies a drop‑weight impact test for rigid unplasticized PVC‑U profiles, primarily performed at −10 °C, and can also apply for other defined test temperatures for PVC‑based profiles. This test evaluates low-temperature impact toughness of extruded PVC building profiles, detecting brittle cracking under falling mass loading for product qualification and batch quality control.

Core Test Principle

Specimens cut from full‑size PVC‑U profiles are held on a fixed support fixture. A defined falling mass drops vertically from a set height and strikes the profile surface at the mid‑point between two inner webs. After impact, inspect the tested surface visually for cracks, fractures or other failure signs.

Test Equipment Required For EN 477 Falling Mass Impact Test for PVC Profiles

Falling-Weight Impact Tester meet below specification. recommend United Test company Manufactured.
Main frame	rigidly fixed in the vertical position.
Guide rails	fixed to the frame, guiding the falling mass so it falls freely in the vertical plane (no friction losses, no lateral drift).
Test specimen support	two rounded-off supports, (200 ± 1) mm apart, made of steel, rigidly fixed in a solid foundation or on a table with a mass > 50 kg (to prevent the rig absorbing/returning energy).
Release mechanism	allows the drop height, measured from the top surface of the specimen, to be set up to the height defined in the referred product standard, with a tolerance of (+10 / 0) mm (e.g. 1 000 mm or 1 500 mm).
Falling mass	(1 000 ± 5) g, with a hemispherical striking surface of (25 ± 0.5) mm radius, free from all imperfections (scratches or dents on the striker act as stress raisers and invalidate the test).

Test Specimen Information

Number of specimens	10 per profile type
Length	300 mm each, cut from the profile
Conditioning temperature	(−10 °C, tolerance 0 / −3 K), i.e. between −10 °C and −13 °C
Conditioning time	≥ 1 h
Time to test after removal	within 10 s of taking the specimen out of the conditioning chamber

Key Test Parameters and stipulations:

Parameter	Value
Impact energy (nominal)	m·g·h → ≈ 9.8 J at 1 000 mm; ≈ 14.7 J at 1 500 mm (1 kg mass)
Striker	Ø 50 mm hemispherical nose, R = 25 ± 0.5 mm
Support span	200 ± 1 mm, rounded, steel, on > 50 kg base
Specimen	10 × 300 mm
Temperature	−10 °C (0 / −3 K), ≥ 1 h, tested within 10 s
Drop height	Per product standard (commonly 1 000 mm or 1 500 mm), tolerance +10 / 0 mm
Readout	Count of broken specimens (visual)

Conditioning temperature: specimens shall be conditioned at −10 °C (‑3 / 0 °C tolerance) for a minimum of 1 hour before testing.
Critical time limit: each specimen must be impacted within 10 seconds after removal from the cold conditioning chamber, to prevent temperature rise of the sample.
Standard impact location: mid‑way between two inner webs of the profile cross‑section. If profile geometry prevents this position, alternative impact points shall be agreed between profile manufacturer and testing laboratory.
Drop height follows the requirements of the relevant product standard.

Test Procedures of ASTM D4495 Falling weight test for impact resistance of PVC rigid profiles

Prepare ten 300‑mm‑long profile test pieces and place them into the cold conditioning cabinet for ≥1 h at −10 °C.
Take one specimen out of the chamber and mount it on the two‑point steel support within the allowed 10‑second window. Position the test surface as defined in the corresponding product specification.
Set the falling‑mass release mechanism to the required drop height. Align impact point to the mid‑position between two inner webs; negotiate alternative impact positions if profile geometry makes the standard point impossible. Fit anti‑tilt stays if the sample tends to shift sideways upon blow.
Trigger release to let the hemispherical mass fall and strike the specimen; prevent secondary repeated impacts.
Visually examine the impacted surface for cracking or breakage.
Repeat the full sequence for all ten specimens of the profile batch.

Test Applications & Industry Fields

PVC-U window, door, roller-shutter and façade profiles — the dominant use case.
Product certification / CE marking under the Construction Products Regulation (EU) No 305/2011, via EN 12608-1/-2 and EN 14351-1.
German RAL-GZ 716/1 quality mark for window profile systems — impact strength of main profiles is determined per EN 477 with the 1 000 g bolt dropped from up to 1.5 m at −10 °C.
Extruder in-house QC and formulation development — screening impact modifiers (CPE, acrylic/ACR, MBS), recyclate content, filler level and processing (gelation/plasticisation) quality. Published work on PVC-U compounds shows the broken-specimen count is highly sensitive to impact-modifier dosage, going from 5 broken out of 10 down to 0 at the optimum modifier level.
Third-party / notified laboratory verification of manufacturer declarations.

EN 477 Falling Mass Impact Test for PVC Profiles

Related Standards

ISO 6603-1	Plastics - Determination of the punching properties of rigid plastics - Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
JIS K 7211	Plastics -- Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics -- Part 1: Non-instrumented impact testing
ASTM D3763	Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
ASTM D1709	Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
ASTM D7136	Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
ASTM D4226	Impact‑resistance test methods for rigid PVC building products, covers multiple impact modes for PVC construction components
ASTM D4495	Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
ASTM D5420	Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
EN 477	Plastics - Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based profiles - Determination of the resistance to impact of profiles by falling mass
GB/T 8814	Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride(PVC-U)profiles for the doors and windows
EN 12608-1	Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows and doors - Classification@ requirements and test methods - Part 1: Non-coated PVC-U profiles with light coloured surfaces

Why EN 477 matters for the PVC profiles material

PVC-U is inherently notch- and temperature-sensitive. Unmodified rigid PVC is brittle at room temperature; it only becomes serviceable because of impact modifiers. Around 0 °C and below it moves towards its ductile-to-brittle transition, so a −10 °C test is a genuine worst-case winter simulation (hail, wind-borne debris, handling during cold-weather transport and installation).
It tests the real product, not a moulded bar. Charpy and tensile-impact data come from pressed plaques or machined coupons; EN 477 hits an actual extruded profile with its full geometry — wall thickness, chamber layout, inner-web spacing, weld lines, co-extrusion skin and residual orientation from extrusion. That is the only way to catch geometry- and process-induced weakness.
It exposes formulation and process faults. Impact modifier type/dosage, Ca-Zn vs legacy stabilizer systems, filler and recyclate ratio, gelation degree, and thermal degradation during extrusion all show up directly as broken specimens.
Safety and durability. A cracked frame wall means loss of weather tightness, loss of reinforcement protection, and reduced resistance to forced entry and wind loads — brittle shattering in service is a safety issue, not just cosmetic.
Regulatory and market access. Impact classification is part of the mandated CE/DoP declaration and of voluntary quality marks (RAL-GZ 716/1); without EN 477 results a PVC-U profile system cannot be placed on the EU market as a certified window profile.
Comparability. Because the mass, striker radius, span, temperature and timing are tightly specified (±5 g, ±0.5 mm, ±1 mm, 10 s), results are reproducible between extruders, competitors and independent labs

Keywords: EN 477 tester,EN477 drop weight impact test,PVC-U profile impact resistance test,rigid PVC profile low temperature impact tester,falling mass impact test for plastic profiles,PVC window profile impact test,PVC construction profile impact test,unplasticized polyvinyl chloride impact testing machine,plastic profile brittleness test,low temperature drop impact equipment,building plastic profile impact tester,UnitedTest PVC impact test apparatus,plastic extrusion profile impact test,PVC profile cold impact test

XJB-30E Heavy duty frame falling hammer impact testing machine mainly used to test plastic, film, or sheet thickness below 1mm, impact by falling dart, check the energy when 50% of test specimen broken. Conform with standard: ASTM D4226, ISO 7765-1, ASTM D1709

XJB-30A Falling dart impact tester mainly used to test plastic, film, or sheet thickness below 1mm, impact by falling dart, check the energy when 50% of test specimen broken. Conform with standard: ISO 7765-1, ASTM D1709, GB 9639.

EN 477 Falling Mass Impact Tester — PVC-U Profile Impact Resistance Testing Machine

Q1: What is EN 477 test?

A: EN 477:2018 is a European CEN standard for falling‑mass (drop‑weight) impact test for PVC‑U (unplasticized PVC) building profiles (window and door profiles). It measures low‑temperature impact toughness, mainly at −10 °C, simulating cold‑climate service conditions.

Q2: Why is the EN 477 test important for PVC‑U window & door profiles?

A: Rigid PVC‑U material becomes brittle in cold winter weather. Profiles may crack during transport, installation or daily accidental knocks. EN 477‑10 °C cold impact test verifies low‑temperature brittleness, supports factory QC, product certification for EU construction regulation CPR, helps manufacturers adjust PVC formulation, impact‑modifier dosage and profile hollow‑section geometry to avoid field cracking failures.

Q3: What specimen requirements does EN 477 specify?

A: 10 pieces for each profile batch, each specimen length = 300 mm, cut from real production extruded profiles. No artificial machined small plaques are allowed; real hollow profile cross‑section must be kept intact for testing.

Q4: What are the key parameters for falling striker mass?

A: Falling mass weight: 1000 ± 5 g. Hemispherical striking head radius: 25 ± 0.5 mm. Impact surface must have no scratches or defects. Drop height follows the corresponding product standard, height tolerance +10 / 0 mm.

Q5: Where should the striker hit on PVC‑U profile?

A: Standard impact position is the mid‑point between two inner webs (internal partition ribs) of hollow profile cross‑section. If profile geometry makes this position impossible, the alternative impact point must be mutually agreed by profile manufacturer and testing laboratory, and noted in test report.

Q6: What if profile tilts sideways during impact?

A: Operators shall install auxiliary stays / fixtures on the two steel supports to prevent sideways tilting of specimens. Multiple repeated impacts on one sample must be strictly avoided.

Q7: How to judge pass / fail for EN 477 test?

A: There is no universal pass‑fail threshold written inside EN 477 itself. EN 477 defines only test method; pass‑fail criteria are given in product standards (e.g. EN 12608 for PVC‑U window profiles). Test output records total number of tested specimens and number of broken / cracked specimens by visual inspection after impact.

Q8: Can I use a general drop‑weight impact tester for EN 477 test?

A: Not exactly. Critical hardware must comply strictly: 200 ± 1 mm spaced rounded steel supports, base mass >50 kg anti‑vibration table, exact 1000 g hemispherical striker head. Non‑compliant hardware brings large deviation of test results and invalidates certification reports.

Q9. Does EN 477 give an impact energy value in joules?

A: No. EN 477 is an attribute (pass/fail) test: the result is simply "n specimens tested, x specimens broken". The nominal impact energy is m·g·h (≈ 9.8 J at a 1 000 mm drop, ≈ 14.7 J at 1 500 mm with the 1 000 g mass), but that figure is not the reported result and should not be presented as a measured "impact strength".

Q10. How does EN 477 relate to EN 12608-1 and EN 14351-1?

A: EN 12608-1/-2 (PVC-U profiles for windows and doors) calls up EN 477 in its clause on "resistance to impact of main profiles by falling mass" and sets the drop height, the classification (e.g. Class I ≈ 1 000 mm, Class II ≈ 1 500 mm) and the acceptance rule. EN 14351-1 (windows and external pedestrian doors) then uses that classification as part of the CE/ITT evidence package.

Q11. What is the difference between EN 477 and Charpy impact (EN ISO 179)?

	EN 477	EN ISO 179
Object	finished extruded profile (300 mm)	small bar from a plaque or profile
Loading	falling mass, multi-axial, low velocity	pendulum, 3-point bending, notched/unnotched
Output	count of broken specimens	impact strength in kJ/m²
Temperature	−10 °C	typically 23 °C
Purpose	product qualification	material/compound comparison

Q12. How does EN 477 differ from ASTM D4226 and ISO 6603?

A: ASTM D4226 (US, rigid PVC building products) uses a 3.6 kg weight with variable height and the Bruceton staircase method to find the 50 % failure height / mean failure energy on flat coupons over a holed support. Conceptually similar but statistically and geometrically different — results are not interchangeable with EN 477.

ISO 6603-1 / -2 are falling-dart puncture methods for flat specimens 1–4 mm, with the instrumented Part 2 giving force–deflection curves. Use ISO 6603 when you need energy/force data; use EN 477 when you need a product-compliance pass/fail on a real profile.

Q13: What are the most common sources of error?

A: Specimen warm-up — testing later than 10 s after removal from the cold chamber gives falsely good results.

Multiple impacts — a rebounding striker striking the specimen twice. Use an anti-rebound catcher.

Specimen tilting on impact for asymmetric profiles — must be prevented with additional stays on the supports.

Wrong impact point — not mid-way between inner webs.

Damaged or non-conforming striker — the hemispherical nose must be free of imperfections.

Insufficient mass of the base (< 50 kg) allowing energy to be absorbed by the rig.

Q14: Why choose EN 477 Falling Mass Impact Tester — PVC-U Profile Impact Resistance Testing Machine from Unitedtest?

A: UnitedTest manufactures fully‑compliant EN 477:2018 falling mass impact tester for PVC‑U / uPVC window‑door profiles. Accurate 1000g hemispherical striker, standard 200 mm support fixture. Suitable for factory QC and third‑party lab certification testing.

UnitedTest is a professional manufacturer of standard‑compliant material testing instruments, supplying EN 477:2018 drop‑weight impact testing machines for PVC‑U hollow building profiles, widely used for uPVC window and door profile production quality control, R&D material formulation screening and EU‑required construction‑product certification testing.

Our EN 477 impact tester strictly implements all hardware requirements of the European standard EN 477:2018 (superseding EN 477:1995). The unit features rigid heavy‑weight base (>50 kg), precision vertical guide rails, standard 200 ± 1 mm rounded steel specimen supports, adjustable drop‑height release mechanism, and standard‑spec 1000 ± 5 g hemispherical impact striker (R25 mm striking head). Auxiliary anti‑tilt stays for profile samples are included as standard accessories, preventing specimen shifting during impact blows.

This EN 477 test equipment evaluates low‑temperature impact resistance performance of extruded PVC‑U profiles at −10 °C, simulating real‑world cold‑climate service scenarios. It supports test requirements from product standard EN 12608 for European window‑door PVC profiles. Our machine delivers repeatable visual‑inspection‑based test results: counting total specimens and broken samples as required in EN 477 test‑report format.

UnitedTest’s EN 477 falling‑mass impact tester serves PVC profile extrusion factories, polymer material laboratories, third‑party testing institutes, building‑material inspection centres across Europe, Middle‑East and global markets. Besides standard machines, we provide technical guidance for EN 477 test procedure, operator training, spare‑parts supply and after‑sales support.

If you are searching for: EN477 test machine, uPVC profile low‑temperature impact tester, PVC drop‑weight impact apparatus for window profiles, contact UnitedTest for quotation and technical datasheet.

Features:

✅ Full compliance with EN 477:2018 European standard for PVC‑U profile falling‑mass impact test

✅ Standard 1000 g hemispherical striker head R25 mm

✅ Standard 200 ± 1 mm distance rounded steel specimen supports

✅ Heavy anti‑vibration base >50 kg to eliminate test‑stand bouncing error

✅ Adjustable drop‑height system with +10/0 mm tolerance

✅ Equipped with anti‑tilt fixture accessories for hollow profile samples

✅ Ideal for factory QC lab, R&D lab and third‑party certification laboratories

✅ Suitable for uPVC window & door profile against EN 12608 product‑standard requirements

✅ UnitedTest original manufacturer, global export, technical support & after‑sales service availabl

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you