ISO 10191 Passenger Car Tyre Test - Endurance, High-Speed, Bead unseating

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ISO 10191 Passenger Car Tyre Capability Laboratory Test Machine | UnitedTest

UnitedTest manufactures ISO 10191 compliant tyre testing equipment for passenger car pneumatic tyres, covering endurance, low-pressure, high-speed, strength and bead-unseating laboratory tests for radial, bias-belted and T-type temporary spare tyres.

ISO 10191 Passenger car tyres — Verifying tyre capabilities — Laboratory test methods

ISO 10191 specifies laboratory test methods for verifying structural capability of passenger‑car pneumatic tyres, covering radial, diagonal / bias‑belted, and T‑type temporary‑use spare tyres. It includes five core test groups: endurance test, low‑pressure performance test (radial‑only), high‑speed test, strength test, bead‑unseating test (tubeless‑only). UnitedTest provides complete tyre test rigs fully meeting ISO 10191 requirements for tyre factories, third-party testing laboratories and automotive safety certification.

Test list in ISO 10191

	Test	Standard	Applies to
A	Endurance test	/	All constructions
B	Low‑pressure performance test	/	Radial only (not T‑type), run immediately after A on the same tyre
C	High‑speed test	/	All constructions (procedure differs by speed symbol / ZR)
D	Strength test (plunger)	ASTM F414	Diagonal / bias‑belted / T‑type
E	Bead unseating test	ASTM F2663	Tubeless, diagonal / bias‑belted / T‑type

Test Specimen Information

A sample = 2 or 3 tyres with identical characteristics (size designation, service description or maximum load rating and speed capability).
Diagonal / bias‑belted / T‑type: tyre 1 → endurance; tyre 2 → high‑speed; tyre 3 → bead unseating (if applicable) then strength.
Radial: tyre 1 → endurance and then low‑pressure performance (same tyre/rim assembly, continuous sequence); tyre 2 (and if applicable tyre 3) → high‑speed.
Preparation (all): mount on the test rim → inflate to the tabulated pressure → condition ≥ 3 h at test ambient (≥ 2 h before the low‑pressure stage) → re‑adjust pressure immediately before testing.
Not defined by the standard: production date, mileage/road ageing, or tread‑depth state — the standard is silent on these, so laboratories agree them internally.

Test Equipment of ISO 10191 Passenger Car Tyre Test

Common to A, B, C (Endurance test, Low‑pressure performance test, High‑speed test)
Test drum	Cylindrical driven flywheel (steel), smooth surface, Ø 1.7 m ± 1 % or 2.0 m ± 1 %; test‑surface width ≥ overall width of test tyre
Loading device	Capacity ≥ 1 000 kg, accuracy ± 1 % full scale
Speed control	Adequate for the method; drum‑speed accuracy ± 2 km/h; acceleration may be constant‑rate or in steps
Inflation pressure gauges	Scale ≥ 500 kPa, accuracy ± 5 kPa
Test rim + valve	Rim approved/recommended/permitted by a regional tyre standard (ISO 4223‑1:2017, 3.8.8); rim and valve must not permanently deform or leak — otherwise the test is invalid
Strength test	plunger machine with cylindrical steel plunger (hemispherical end), progressive loading, force/displacement indication (ASTM F414);
Bead unseating test	bead‑unseating block and loading device (ASTM F2663).

Test parameter & stipulation:

A. Endurance test

Parameter	Diagonal / bias‑belted / T‑type	Radial
Speed	≥ 80 km/h	≥ 120 km/h (110 km/h for severe‑snow tyres on an uncoated drum)
Load / duration	4 h @ 85 %, 6 h @ 90 %, 24 h @ 100 % of maximum load rating (34 h)	same (4 h / 6 h / 24 h at 85 / 90 / 100 %)
Inflation	180 kPa standard, 220 kPa reinforced/extra load, 360 kPa T‑type	same
Ambient	≥ 35 °C, no cooling	(35 ± 3) °C, no cooling
Runs	uninterrupted; pressure not corrected, load constant per period	same; drum 1.7 m ± 1 %; PTFE allowed; multiple snow tyres may run in different tracks

B. Low‑pressure performance (radial, after A)

Deflate the same assembly to 140 kPa (light/standard load) or 160 kPa (extra load) → condition ≥ 2 h at (35 ± 3) °C → re‑adjust → run 90 min at 120 km/h (110 km/h severe‑snow, uncoated drum) at 100 % of maximum load rating, ambient (35 ± 3) °C, pressure not corrected.

C. High‑speed test

Pre‑condition tyre‑rim assembly ≥ 3 h at specified chamber temperature (20‑30 °C or 35 ±3 °C, based on speed category). Test load: 80 %‑85 % of maximum‑load rating. Initial test‑speed = tyre speed category minus offset (−40 km/h for 1.7 m drum; −30 km/h for 2.0 m drum). ZR‑marked ultra‑high‑speed tyres (>300 km/h) require two separate high‑speed samples with special speed‑load‑inflation settings.

D. Strength test (ASTM F414)

295 J light/standard load, 585 J reinforced/extra load (section width ≥ 160 mm); − 25 % for section width < 160 mm; for other versions/pressures E_min = 7.35 (p_t− 140 kPa) J, valid p_t ≥ 165 kPa; T‑type spares: 295 J (load index ≥ 76 / ≥ 400 kg) or 220 J below.

E. Bead unseating (ASTM F2663)

Minimum force by nominal section width (Table 7 — e.g. 8 890 N for 160 ≤ SN < 205 mm) and by load index for T‑type spares.

Similar test standard

ASTM F2663	Standard Test Method for Bead Unseating of Tubeless Passenger and Light Truck Tires
ASTM F1502	Standard Test Method for Static Measurements on Tires for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles
FMVSS 109	(USA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard): Federal tire‑safety regulation that specifies bead‑unseating performance requirements; ASTM F2663‑21 provides updated improved laboratory test procedure supporting FMVSS 109 testing
ISO 10454	truck and bus tyres test
GB/T 4504	Chinese national standard for tubeless‑passenger‑tire bead‑unseating resistance test.
ISO 10191	Passenger car tyres — laboratory test methods; references ASTM F2663‑15 for the bead‑unseating test of diagonal, bias‑belted and non‑radial T‑type tyres, and ASTM F414 for the plunger test .
ASTM F414	Companion laboratory test (plunger/energy absorption = tire strength). The two are normally run in the same lab and are cited together by ISO 10191.
GB/T 4502	Chinese equivalent: block speed 50 ± 2.5 mm/min, blocks A/B/C chosen by rim nominal diameter (10–19 in → A or B; 20–28 in → C; T‑type → A), minimum values tabulated .
ISO 3894	Road vehicles — Wheels/rims for commercial vehicles — Test methods
ISO 10231	Motorcycle tyres test
JIS D4103	Japanese automotive‑wheel performance and durability‑test specification.

Industry Application

Tire manufacturers — design validation and batch quality control for PCR, LT/C‑type and T‑type spare tires.
Regulatory compliance / type approval — the reference laboratory procedure behind the US DOT bead‑unseating requirement; also used for China (GB/T 4502) and ISO 10191 verification.
Independent test & certification labs — pass/fail testing for market access.
Automotive OEMs — supplier qualification and fitment approval (rim/tire interface).
Rim/wheel makers — evaluating bead‑seat contour, flange geometry, hump profile, and coating/paint effects on bead retention.
R&D and failure analysis — benchmarking bead design, apex/filler stiffness, chafer compounds; root‑cause work on bead separation or sudden deflation complaints.
Fleet / off‑road and LT segments — where curb strikes, potholes and low‑pressure running raise unseating risk.

ISO 10191 Passenger Car Tyre Test - Endurance, High-Speed, Bead unseating

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Wheel radial load fatigue testing machine is used to test the operational strength of wheels under load. By applying prolonged force to the wheels, it can assess the overall strength of the wheels as well as the strength and fastening of each component connection.

Wheel rotary bending fatigue test machine is mainly used for rotating bending fatigue test of light alloy wheels of motorcycles and mopeds. Conform with standard ISO 8644-2006 Motorcycle- Light Alloy Wheels - Test Methods.

Wheel torsion fatigue testing machine is mainly used in electric vehicles, motorcycles, and their supporting hub factories. The wheel torsion fatigue testing machine is used to test the overall strength of wheels under sudden braking in normal driving conditions.

Radial double hammer impact test machine for motorcycle light alloy wheel is used to simulate the impact of the wheels during the driving process through ditches and other undulating road surfaces, the test machine impact energy can be adjusted (by adjusting the weight and impact height to achieve).

Q1: What is ISO 10191 and why is this test important?

A: ISO 10191 is the international laboratory standard for verifying structural capability of passenger‑car pneumatic tyres (radial, diagonal/bias‑belted, T‑type temporary spare tyres). It replicates real‑world severe service conditions: long‑time over‑loading, under‑inflation, high‑speed thermal‑mechanical cyclic stress in controlled lab environment. It validates rubber‑cord‑belt composite safety, identifies hidden risks such as belt separation, cord fracture and bead failure before tyres go to market. Important note: this standard does NOT rank tyre performance grades, it only verifies minimum safety‑related capability requirements.

Q2: Which tyre categories are covered / not‑covered under ISO 10191?

A: Applies to all passenger‑car pneumatic tyres: radial, diagonal (bias), bias‑belted and T‑type temporary‑use spare tyres. It excludes truck tyres, bus tyres, motorcycle, agricultural and heavy off‑road tyres. Not all five test items are mandatory; required test items depend on tyre construction type.

Q3: What core test items are defined by ISO 10191?

A: Endurance test (all passenger‑car tyre constructions)

Low‑pressure performance test (radial‑tyre only)

High‑speed test (all passenger‑car tyre constructions)

Strength test (referencing ASTM F414‑15)

Bead‑unseating test (tubeless tyres only, referencing ASTM F2663‑15)

Q4: How many tyre samples are required for a complete ISO 10191 test campaign?

A: Diagonal / bias‑belted / T‑type temporary spare tyres: 2‑3 identical samples. Sample 1 for endurance; Sample 2 for high‑speed; Sample 3 for bead‑unseating test followed by strength test (if applicable).

Radial tyres: 2‑3 identical samples. One sample completes endurance test and then continues directly to low‑pressure performance test without replacement. Another sample is used for high‑speed test. ZR‑marked ultra‑high‑speed tyres (> 300 km/h) require extra dedicated high‑speed specimens.

All samples must share identical size designation, service description, maximum load rating and speed capability and mount on approved test rims.

Q5: What drum diameters are allowed for ISO 10191 dynamic drum‑based tests? Can drum use PTFE coating?

A: Permitted drum diameters are 1.7 m ±1 % and 2.0 m ±1 % smooth‑steel flywheel drum. Thin PTFE non‑stick coating is allowed for endurance and low‑pressure performance tests for mitigating Parasitic Tread Block Chunking (PTBC). Total drum diameter must stay within tolerance range. Test report needs to record coating material and post‑test coating status.

Q6: What is PTBC? Is PTBC counted as test failure?

A: PTBC (Parasitic Tread Block Chunking) refers to minor tread‑block material loss purely caused by friction contact with test drum surface, not intrinsic tyre structural damage. ISO 10191 explicitly accepts PTBC as non‑failure. Real chunking caused by internal material fatigue is a failure condition.

Q7: Can I adjust or top‑up tyre inflation pressure during test running cycles?

A: No. Inflation pressure must not be corrected during running test. Pressure readjustment is permitted only in pre‑conditioning phase before starting test. After test completion, radial tyres must cool 15‑25 min before residual‑pressure measurement for pass‑fail judgement.

Q8: Can one single test machine complete all ISO 10191 test items?

A: No. The drum‑type dynamic test bench performs endurance, low‑pressure performance and high‑speed tests. Independent static test rigs are required for plunger strength test and bead‑unseating test. UnitedTest supplies full‑suite ISO 10191‑compliant tyre testing machines combining dynamic drum tester and static plunger & bead‑unseating modules.

Q9: Why choose ISO 10191 Tyre Testing Machine from UnitedTest Manufacturer?

A: UnitedTest is professional manufacturer of ISO 10191:2021 passenger‑car tyre testing machines. Supply tyre endurance, low‑pressure performance, high‑speed drum testers, plunger strength & bead unseating test systems complying with UN GTR No.16, ASTM F414‑15, ASTM F2663‑15 for tyre R&D and certification labs worldwide.

UnitedTest is a trusted global manufacturer delivering complete‑solution laboratory tyre test machines fully compliant with ISO 10191:2021 Passenger car tyres — Verifying tyre capabilities — Laboratory test methods.

Our integrated test systems support the full set of ISO 10191 mandatory laboratory evaluations: tyre endurance test, radial‑tyre low‑pressure performance test, multi‑category high‑speed test, tyre plunger strength test and tubeless tyre bead‑unseating test.

Our drum‑type tyre dynamic performance test bench strictly meets ISO 10191 equipment specifications: optional 1.7 m / 2.0 m test drum, support PTFE anti‑stick coating installation, high‑precision loading device ≥ 1000 kg capacity with ±1 % full‑scale accuracy, high‑accuracy inflation‑pressure measurement (±5 kPa), closed‑loop temperature‑controlled test chamber, multi‑step acceleration function for high‑speed test profiles. Our machines support testing radial tyres, diagonal / bias‑belted tyres and T‑type temporary‑use spare tyres.

Static test modules for plunger strength and bead‑unseating fully satisfy ASTM F414‑15 and ASTM F2663‑15 normative references inside ISO 10191:2021. All test parameters, timing sequences and pass‑fail judgement workflows are harmonized with UN GTR No. 16 global tyre regulation.

UnitedTest ISO 10191 tyre test machines serve tyre‑maker R&D centres, independent third‑party certification laboratories and automotive OEM component‑qualification departments globally. The equipment automatically records test speed, radial load, inflation pressure, running duration and post‑cooling residual pressure. Standardized test reports can be exported directly for compliance documentation submission.

Whether you require a single‑function high‑speed‑endurance drum tester or the full ISO 10191 test suite combining dynamic drum bench plus static plunger‑bead‑unseating unit, UnitedTest provides machine customization, on‑site commissioning, standard‑oriented technical training and long‑term after‑sales support.

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you