ISO 2759 Board bursting strength test

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ISO 2759 Standard | Hydraulic Burst Test Machine for Solid & Corrugated Fibreboard | UnitedTest

UnitedTest manufactures fully ISO 2759 compliant hydraulic burst testers for paperboard, corrugated packaging and carton inspection labs globally.

ISO 2759 Board — Determination of bursting strength sets unified hydraulic testing procedures to measure the maximum uniform pressure solid fibreboard and corrugated fibreboard can endure before rupture. All burst strength test results are recorded in kilopascals (kPa).

Our ISO 2759 burst tester follows standard diaphragm pressure loading rules, delivering stable repeatable kPa burst data for packaging material quality control and compliance verification.

Core Test Principle

A flat board specimen is clamped tightly around its circular test perimeter, sitting directly above a flexible rubber diaphragm. A motor-driven hydraulic system pumps fluid at a constant flow rate to expand the diaphragm upward, creating uniform biaxial tension across the board sample. The test records the peak hydraulic pressure the material tolerates before full rupture—this peak value is defined as bursting strength.

The reading inherently includes pressure required to stretch the rubber diaphragm itself.

Burst index (secondary performance metric) = bursting strength ÷ board grammage (per ISO 536), unit: kPa·m²/g.

Specific Test Method

Hydraulic burst (Mullen-type) method, not pendulum/impact.

Applicable range: 350 kPa to 5 500 kPa for finished board.

Components of solid/corrugated fibreboard as low as 250 kPa may also be tested (with an accuracy caveat in the report).

For materials < 1 400 kPa, ISO 2758 (Paper burst) is the alternative; results between the two are not directly comparable due to apparatus differences.

Test Specimen (Test Piece) Specifications

If separate surface data is not required: minimum 20 valid replicate tests per material.

If front/back surface results need separate reporting: minimum 10 valid replicates per side.

Invalid test readings to discard:

Visible specimen slippage under clamps;

Rupture occurring along the clamped edge (caused by over-clamping damage).

Test Equipment of ISO 2759 Board bursting strength test

Recommend UnitedTest Hydraulic Burst Tester mainly consist of below:

Clamping System	Two parallel, annular flat clamping plates with concentric circular openings (31.5 ±0.1 mm diameter). Plate concentricity tolerance ≤0.25 mm. Grooved contact surfaces: continuous spiral 60° V-grooves or concentric V-grooves (0.25 mm minimum depth, 0.9 ±0.1 mm pitch) to stop specimen slippage during testing. Swivel upper plate to distribute clamping pressure evenly across the sample. Total available clamping pressure output range of the machine: 700–1200 kPa
Elastic Rubber Diaphragm	Natural/synthetic rubber, no filler additives; resting position recessed 5.5 mm relative to the mounting plate plane. Mandatory bulge pressure calibration thresholds: 10.0 ±0.2 mm bulge height: 170–220 kPa pressure 18.0 ±0.2 mm bulge height: 250–350 kPa pressure Diaphragms must be replaced once they fail to meet bulge pressure requirements.
Hydraulic Pressure Generation System	Motor-driven piston delivering constant pumping rate: 170 ±15 mL/min. Compatible hydraulic fluid: pure glycerol, inhibited ethylene glycol, low-viscosity silicone oil (air bubbles fully purged from the closed circuit).

Clamping System

Two parallel, annular flat clamping plates with concentric circular openings (31.5 ±0.1 mm diameter). Plate concentricity tolerance ≤0.25 mm.

Grooved contact surfaces: continuous spiral 60° V-grooves or concentric V-grooves (0.25 mm minimum depth, 0.9 ±0.1 mm pitch) to stop specimen slippage during testing.

Swivel upper plate to distribute clamping pressure evenly across the sample.

Total available clamping pressure output range of the machine: 700–1200 kPa

ISO 2759 Board bursting strength test

Elastic Rubber Diaphragm

Natural/synthetic rubber, no filler additives; resting position recessed 5.5 mm relative to the mounting plate plane.

Mandatory bulge pressure calibration thresholds:

10.0 ±0.2 mm bulge height: 170–220 kPa pressure

18.0 ±0.2 mm bulge height: 250–350 kPa pressure

Diaphragms must be replaced once they fail to meet bulge pressure requirements.

Hydraulic Pressure Generation System

Motor-driven piston delivering constant pumping rate: 170 ±15 mL/min.

Compatible hydraulic fluid: pure glycerol, inhibited ethylene glycol, low-viscosity silicone oil (air bubbles fully purged from the closed circuit).

Test Parameters & Stipulations

1, Clamping pressure— use lowest pressure that prevents slippage:

Bursting Strength (kPa)	Recommended Clamping Pressure (kPa)
up to 1 500	400
1 500 – 2 000	600
2 000 – 2 500	800
> 2 500	1 000

2, Applicable Material Burst Strength Range

Primary scope: board with bursting strength 350 kPa ~ 5500 kPa (solid board, single/multi-wall corrugated fibreboard).

Extended limited scope: liner paper components as low as 250 kPa (lower precision guaranteed, must note in test report).

Overlap guidance (350–1400 kPa): ISO 2758 applies to pure paper; all corrugated/solid board components must use ISO 2759 regardless of burst value.

3, Replicates:

If noseparate face recording → 20 valid tests total.

If separateresults for each side (face vs. back against diaphragm) → 10 valid tests per side (20 total).

Surface against the diaphragmis considered "the surface under test."

Step-by-Step Standard Test Procedures of ISO 2759 Board bursting strength test

Complete pre-test equipment calibration (pressure system, clamping pressure, pumping rate, diaphragm bulge check per Annex C/D).

Condition all specimens to ISO 187 standard atmosphere.

Zero the hydraulic pressure display per the tester manufacturer’s instructions.

Place a flat, defect-free specimen between upper and lower clamping plates, fully covering the circular test opening.

Apply the material-matched standard clamping pressure (400–1000 kPa per Table 1).

Start the hydraulic pump to generate steady upward pressure via the diaphragm until the board fully bursts.

Record the peak bursting pressure value, rounded to the nearest 1 kPa.

Retract the hydraulic piston to lower the diaphragm below the clamp plane, release the clamps, and remove the ruptured specimen.

Repeat to complete the required number of valid replicates (10 or 20 tests).

Discard any tests showing slippage or edge rupture failure modes.

Applicable Industry Fields

ISO 2759 bursting strength testing serves the full paper and packaging supply chain:

Corrugated & solid board packaging manufacturing: Quality control for shipping cartons, e-commerce boxes, industrial heavy-duty packaging, agricultural produce boxes, appliance packaging; simulates uniform internal pressure during stacking, liquid leakage, or product expansion inside boxes.

Paper mill raw material production: Grading linerboard, greyboard, and medium fluting paper; comparing fibre blends, recycled vs virgin pulp performance, and coating impact on burst resistance.

Packaging design & material optimisation: Engineers use burst index to balance board weight, raw material cost, and uniform pressure resistance; lightweight packaging development without sacrificing protective performance.

Third-party testing & export certification: Global cross-border packaging compliance verification, aligned with ISO international trade TBT rules; mandatory test evidence for retail and logistics packaging specifications.

Laboratory interlaboratory comparison & material research: Benchmarking new pulp formulations, surface treatments, and board lamination structures.

Related standard:

ISO 2758	Applies to thin paper only, burst range 70–1400 kPa, smaller clamping hardware;
ASTM D2210	Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
ISO 2759	Board - Determination of bursting strength
JIS P8112	Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
ISO 3036	Board — Determination of puncture resistance using a pendulum device
GB/T 6545	Corrugated fibreboard--Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 1539	Board—Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 16717	Packing containers―Heavy duty corrugated boxes
GB/T 2679.7	Board-Determination of puncture resistance
TAPPI T 403	Bursting strength of paper
TAPPI T 803	American equivalent pendulum puncture test for containerboard; closest parallel industry standard to ISO 3036, referenced for instrument calibration;
JIS P8131	Board -- Determination of bursting strength
JIS P8112	Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
TAPPI T 807	Bursting strength of linerboard (North American equivalent test);
TAPPI T 810	Bursting strength of corrugated board;

Comparison: ISO 2759 vs ISO 3036 (both "board strength" but different beasts)

	ISO 2759 (Burst)	ISO 3036 (Puncture)
Mode	Hydraulic, slow (170 ml/min)	Pendulum impact
Failure	Diaphragm bulges board until rupture (tensile/tear combo)	Pyramid head pierces through (pierce+tear+bend)
Unit	kPa	J
What it catches	Internal pressure, top/bottom panel weakness	Handling spikes, fork penetration, corner drops
Typical use	Carton panels, liner QC	Shipping durability, heavy board grades

Keywords: UnitedTest ISO 2759 burst strength tester, ISO 2759 hydraulic cardboard burst test machine, corrugated fibreboard rupture pressure testing equipment, kilopascal kPa burst resistance measurement ISO 2759, solid fibreboard uniform hydraulic burst inspection bench

Cardboard Puncture Resistance Tester used to measure the puncture resistance strength of corrugated cardboard. A wide range of applications and is an essential everyday tool for cardboard, carton production, research, and inspection in enterprises and departments.

Q1: What property does ISO 2759:2014 measure?

A1: It measures the bursting strength of solid board and corrugated fibreboard, defined as the maximum uniform hydraulic pressure (kPa) required to rupture the board via a bulging rubber diaphragm. It also allows calculation of burst index, which normalises burst strength by material grammage.

Q2: What is the key difference between ISO 2759 and ISO 2758? Can test results be interchanged?

A2: ISO 2758 is for thin paper with lower burst strength (70–1400 kPa). ISO 2759 targets thicker solid/corrugated board with a testing range of 350–5500 kPa. Due to different clamp dimensions, diaphragm design and hydraulic parameters, test values from the two standards are not comparable, even for overlapping strength ranges. For materials 350–1400 kPa, pure paper uses ISO 2758 while corrugated/solid board components must use ISO 2759.

Q3: What is burst index and why is it calculated?

A3: Burst index = mean bursting strength (kPa) ÷ board grammage (g/m², tested per ISO 536), reported to three significant figures. It eliminates the influence of board thickness/weight, enabling fair comparison of raw material efficiency across different board weights for lightweight packaging design.

Q4: Why is ISO 2759 bursting strength testing essential for packaging board manufacturers and end users?

A4: Simulates real-world uniform pressure hazards: internal expansion from packed liquid/grain goods, lateral load stress during pallet stacking, and even compression during automated handling. Low burst strength causes large panel ruptures and product leakage/spillage.

Acts as a fast quality control metric for paper mills: burst performance directly reflects fibre bonding quality, pulp quality, and manufacturing defects like washboarding or over-drying.

Provides a globally recognised standard for cross-border packaging trade, unifying test methods between international suppliers, converters and brand buyers.

Enables cost optimisation via burst index: designers reduce board grammage while maintaining adequate pressure resistance to cut raw material costs without sacrificing protection.

Serves as a core compliance indicator for customer packaging specifications, often paired with ISO 3036 puncture test and ECT for full carton performance evaluation.

Q5: How is bursting strength different from ISO 3036 puncture resistance?

A5: ISO 2759 Burst test: Uniform biaxial tension from slow, evenly distributed hydraulic pressure; simulates broad panel swelling/pressure failure.

ISO 3036 Puncture test: Dynamic sharp-point pendulum impact; simulates localised piercing damage from staples, pallet edges and protruding goods.

They measure two distinct failure modes and are complementary quality indicators for shipping boxes.

Q6: What mandatory pumping flow rate must the hydraulic system maintain?

A6: The pump shall deliver fluid at a constant rate of 170 ±15 mL/min. Faster pumping artificially raises burst readings, while slower flow yields lower values, causing inconsistent test results.

Q7: That rubber diaphragm — why does it need checking, and what are the numbers?

A7: The diaphragm ispart of the measurement — the indicated burst = board rupture + diaphragm stretch. The standard sets bulge-height vs. pressure limits for a good diaphragm:

Bulge 10 mm ± 0.2 mm → pressure 170–220 kPa

Bulge 18 mm ± 0.2 mm → pressure 250–350 kPa

If your diaphragm drifts outside these, it's stiff or worn → your burst readings drift. Check regularly and replace. Also: at rest, the diaphragm outer surface should sit ~5.5 mm recessed below the plate plane. Too high or too low = error.

Q8: Can aluminium foil be used as official calibration standards for the burst tester?

A8: No. Aluminium foil can only perform quick functional checks of the machine. Foil’s tensile deformation behaviour differs greatly from fibreboard, so it cannot replace formal static/dynamic calibration per Annex D using deadweight testers or reference pressure sensors.

Q9: What are the main sources of testing error in ISO 2759?

A9: Deviated hydraulic pumping rate;

Damaged, aged or mispositioned rubber diaphragm;

Uneven, insufficient or over-high clamping pressure;

Air bubbles trapped in the hydraulic fluid circuit;

Uncalibrated pressure measuring system with poor dynamic response.

Q10: How many valid replicate tests are required under ISO 2759?

A10: If separate data for the two board surfaces is not needed: minimum 20 valid tests.

If separate results for front and back sides are required: minimum 10 valid replicates per surface.

Tests with slippage or edge rupture must be discarded and retested.

Q11: When do I need to note a disclaimer in the test report for low-strength board components?

A11: When testing liner/paper components with bursting strength below 350 kPa (minimum standard range limit, down to 250 kPa). The standard’s specified precision and accuracy do not apply for these low-strength samples, so a clear statement must be added to the report.

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