ISO 2758 Paper bursting strength test

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ISO 2758 Standard | Hydraulic Burst Test Machine for Thin Single-Layer Paper | UnitedTest

UnitedTest produces ISO 2758 compliant hydraulic burst testers dedicated to thin paper performance testing for paper mills and printing labs worldwide.

ISO 2758 Paper — Determination of bursting strength specifies standardized hydraulic burst testing for thin single-layer paper sheets. It measures the maximum uniform hydraulic pressure (unit: kPa) a paper sample can resist before rupturing. This standard differs clearly from ISO 2759, which applies to thick solid and corrugated fibreboards, with unique equipment structures and test parameters for each specification.

Our ISO 2758 burst tester matches all standard dimensional and pressure control requirements, supplying accurate kPa burst strength data for raw paper quality inspection and material comparison.

Core Test Principle

A test piece is placed over a circular elastic diaphragm and rigidly clamped at its periphery, but free to bulge together with the diaphragm. Hydraulic fluid is pumped at a constant rate, bulging the diaphragm until the test piece ruptures. The bursting strength is the maximum hydraulic pressure reached during the test.

The indicated pressure includesthe pressure required to extend the diaphragm itself (not subtracted — the diaphragm's known bulge curve is built into instrument design).

Specific Test Method

Hydraulic burst (Mullen-type) method, same family as ISO 2759 but different apparatus specs → results between the two are not necessarily comparable (Introduction, Note).

Applicable range: 70 kPa to 1 400 kPa (paper).

Not intended for components of combined board (fluting, liner) — those go to ISO 2759.

Overlap rule (Introduction): materials < 600 kPa → prefer ISO 2758; ≥ 350 kPa (or ≥ 250 kPa for combined-board components) → ISO 2759 is the alternative. In absence of commercial agreement, < 600 kPa → ISO 2758.

Test Specimen (Test Piece) Specifications

If separate surface data is not required: minimum 20 valid replicate tests per paper batch.

If front/back surface results need separate reporting: minimum 10 valid replicates per side.

Invalid test readings to discard:

Visible specimen slippage between clamps;

Rupture occurring along the clamped edge (caused by over-clamping crushing thin paper).

Test Equipment of ISO 2758 Paper bursting strength test

Recommend UnitedTest Hydraulic Burst Tester mainly consist of below:

Clamping System	Two parallel annular clamping plates with concentric circular openings (33.1 ±0.1 mm diameter), concentricity tolerance ≤0.25 mm. Anti-slip grooved contact surfaces: continuous spiral 60° V-grooves or concentric V-grooves (minimum depth 0.25 mm, pitch 0.9 ±0.1 mm) to stop thin paper slippage. Swivel upper plate to distribute clamping pressure evenly across delicate paper samples. Maximum allowable clamping pressure output: 1200 kPa; clamping pressure must be high enough to eliminate slippage without crushing thin paper edges. Clamp inspection method: carbon paper imprint test to verify uniform pressure distribution over the full clamping area.
Thin Rubber Diaphragm (Key Differentiator from ISO 2759)	Thickness: 0.86 ±0.06 mm natural/synthetic rubber, no filler additives. Rest position recessed 3.5 mm relative to the mounting plate plane. Mandatory bulge calibration threshold: 9.00 ±0.2 mm outward bulge requires pressure of 30 ±5 kPa. Must be replaced immediately if it fails the bulge pressure requirement; over-soft or stiff diaphragms cause large measurement errors.
Hydraulic Pressure Generation System	Motor-driven piston delivering constant low pumping rate: 95 ±5 mL/min (much slower than ISO 2759’s 170 ±15 mL/min). Compatible hydraulic fluid: pure glycerol, low-viscosity silicone oil, inhibited ethylene glycol; all air bubbles must be fully purged from the closed circuit.

Clamping System

Two parallel annular clamping plates with concentric circular openings (33.1 ±0.1 mm diameter), concentricity tolerance ≤0.25 mm.

Anti-slip grooved contact surfaces: continuous spiral 60° V-grooves or concentric V-grooves (minimum depth 0.25 mm, pitch 0.9 ±0.1 mm) to stop thin paper slippage.

Swivel upper plate to distribute clamping pressure evenly across delicate paper samples.

Maximum allowable clamping pressure output: 1200 kPa; clamping pressure must be high enough to eliminate slippage without crushing thin paper edges.

Clamp inspection method: carbon paper imprint test to verify uniform pressure distribution over the full clamping area.

Thin Rubber Diaphragm

(Key Differentiator from ISO 2759)

Thickness: 0.86 ±0.06 mm natural/synthetic rubber, no filler additives.

Rest position recessed 3.5 mm relative to the mounting plate plane.

Mandatory bulge calibration threshold: 9.00 ±0.2 mm outward bulge requires pressure of 30 ±5 kPa.

Must be replaced immediately if it fails the bulge pressure requirement; over-soft or stiff diaphragms cause large measurement errors.

Hydraulic Pressure Generation System

Motor-driven piston delivering constant low pumping rate: 95 ±5 mL/min (much slower than ISO 2759’s 170 ±15 mL/min).

Compatible hydraulic fluid: pure glycerol, low-viscosity silicone oil, inhibited ethylene glycol; all air bubbles must be fully purged from the closed circuit.

Test Parameters & Stipulations

1, Applicable Material Burst Strength Range

Primary scope: thin single-layer paper with bursting strength 70 kPa ~ 1400 kPa.

Explicit exclusion: linerboard, fluting medium, solid board, corrugated board components — these must use ISO 2759 regardless of burst value.

Overlap guidance (350–600 kPa): In absence of commercial agreements, all paper below 600 kPa shall use ISO 2758; board materials always use ISO 2759.

Critical note: ISO 2758 and ISO 2759 results are non-comparable due to different diaphragm thickness, pumping speed and clamp dimensions.

2, Clamping pressure: high enough to prevent slippage, ≤ 1 200 kPa. No fixed table like ISO 2759 — "great enough to prevent slippage" is the rule.

3, Pump rate: strictly 95 ± 5 ml/min (slower than ISO 2759's 170 — this is a key differentiator).

4, Replicates:

No separate face recording → 20 valid tests total.

Separate results per side (face vs. back against diaphragm) → 10 valid per side (20 total).

Surface against the diaphragm= "surface under test."

5, Reject if: visible slippage (movement outside clamps or creasing in clamped area), or peripheral severance (sign of over-clamping or clamp rotation).

Step-by-Step Standard Test Procedures of ISO 2758 Paper bursting strength test

Complete pre-test equipment calibration (pumping rate, diaphragm bulge performance, pressure sensor, clamping pressure per Annex C/D).

Condition all paper specimens to ISO 187 standard atmosphere; warm up electronic instruments as required.

Select the appropriate pressure measuring range (run a preliminary test if unknown burst strength).

Adjust clamping pressure to prevent slippage, not exceeding 1200 kPa.

Place a defect-free paper specimen flat between upper and lower clamping plates, fully covering the circular test aperture.

Apply full clamping pressure evenly across the sample.

Zero the hydraulic pressure display per manufacturer instructions.

Start the hydraulic pump to generate steady upward pressure via the diaphragm until the paper fully ruptures.

Record the peak bursting pressure value, rounded to the nearest 1 kPa.

Retract the hydraulic piston to lower the diaphragm below the clamp plane, release clamps and remove the ruptured specimen.

Repeat to complete the required number of valid replicates; discard all slippage or edge-crushing failure tests.

Applicable Industry Fields

Paper (not board): printing papers, writing papers, sack paper, bag paper, wrapping paper, label face stock, filter paper, etc.

Paper mills — QC of base paper before conversion.

Converting industry — where paper (not board) needs to resist local pressure (e.g., inflated bags, pressurized filter elements, packaging wraps).

Not for corrugated components (those use ISO 2759), but solid fibre papers used standalone are fair game.

Regional equivalent cited: AS/NZS 1301-403s (Appita, Australasia).

Related standard:

ISO 2758	Applies to thin paper only, burst range 70–1400 kPa, smaller clamping hardware;
ASTM D2210	Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
ISO 2759	Board - Determination of bursting strength
JIS P8112	Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
ISO 3036	Board — Determination of puncture resistance using a pendulum device
GB/T 6545	Corrugated fibreboard--Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 454	Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 16717	Packing containers―Heavy duty corrugated boxes
GB/T 2679.7	Board-Determination of puncture resistance
TAPPI T 403	Bursting strength of paper
TAPPI T 803	American equivalent pendulum puncture test for containerboard; closest parallel industry standard to ISO 3036, referenced for instrument calibration;
JIS P8131	Board -- Determination of bursting strength
JIS P8112	Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
TAPPI T 807	Bursting strength of linerboard (North American equivalent test);
TAPPI T 810	Bursting strength of corrugated board;

Quick ISO 2758 vs ISO 2759 Sheet

	ISO 2758 (Paper)	ISO 2759 (Board)
Material	Paper, 70–1 400 kPa	Board, 350–5 500 kPa
Pump rate	95 ml/min ± 5	170 ml/min ± 15
Diaphragm thick.	0.86 ± 0.06 mm	(not 0.86 — different spec)
Diaphragm recess	~3.5 mm	~5.5 mm
Diaphragm bulge chk	9 mm → 30 ± 5 kPa	10 mm → 170–220 kPa / 18 mm → 250–350 kPa
Components of comb. board?	No → use 2759	Yes
Comparability	❌ Not comparable across the two	❌

Keywords: UnitedTest ISO 2758 paper burst tester, ISO 2758 thin single-layer paper hydraulic burst test machine, paper bursting strength measuring equipment, kPa paper rupture pressure tester, difference between ISO 2758 paper and ISO 2759 cardboard burst standard, thin paper burst resistance inspection bench

Cardboard Puncture Resistance Tester used to measure the puncture resistance strength of corrugated cardboard. A wide range of applications and is an essential everyday tool for cardboard, carton production, research, and inspection in enterprises and departments.

Q1: What material property does ISO 2758 measure?

A1: ISO 2758 measures the bursting strength of single-layer thin paper, defined as the maximum uniform hydraulic pressure (kPa) required to rupture a paper sheet via an elastic rubber diaphragm under slow, constant fluid flow. It also enables calculation of burst index to evaluate strength efficiency relative to paper weight.

Q2: What paper grades fall under ISO 2758 scope, and what materials are excluded?

A2: Applicable: Single-layer paper with burst strength from 70 kPa to 1400 kPa, such as printing paper, writing paper, lightweight wrapping paper, label base paper and tissue base paper.

Excluded: Linerboard, fluting medium, solid board and all corrugated fibreboard components—these must use ISO 2759 regardless of burst value.

Q3: What is the rule for overlapping burst strength range (350–1400 kPa) between ISO 2758 and ISO 2759?

A3: Without signed commercial agreements between parties:

Pure paper below 600 kPa → test with ISO 2758

All solid/corrugated board components of any burst value → test with ISO 2759

Test results from the two standards cannot be compared directly due to different machine parameters.

Q4: What test failure modes invalidate readings and require retesting?

A4: Two invalid failure types:

Visible slippage of paper between clamping plates

Rupture occurring at the clamped edge (caused by over-clamping pressure)

Both distort the true peak burst pressure value and must be excluded from the dataset.

Q5: What is burst index, and why do we calculate it?

A5: Burst index = Mean bursting strength (kPa) ÷ Paper grammage (g/m², tested per ISO 536), rounded to three significant figures. It eliminates the impact of paper thickness/weight, allowing fair comparison of raw material efficiency across different paper grades for lightweight product design and cost optimisation.

Q6: What is the mandatory hydraulic pumping rate for ISO 2758 testers?

A6: The pump must deliver fluid at a constant rate of 95 ±5 mL/min. Faster pumping artificially raises burst readings; slower flow produces lower values, leading to inconsistent and unreliable data.

Q7: What diaphragm specifications are unique to ISO 2758 (vs ISO 2759)?

A7: Thickness: 0.86 ±0.06 mm thin rubber (ISO 2759 uses thicker diaphragm)

Rest recess depth: 3.5 mm vs 5.5 mm for board testers

Calibration requirement: 9.00 ±0.2 mm bulge requires exactly 30 ±5 kPa pressure

If the diaphragm fails this calibration threshold, it must be replaced immediately to avoid measurement bias.

Q8: What clamping rules apply for ISO 2758 testing?

A8: Maximum allowable clamping pressure is 1200 kPa. Pressure must be high enough to stop paper slippage but not excessive to crush thin paper edges. Clamp surfaces require spiral or concentric V-grooves to increase friction. Uniform clamping pressure is verified with a carbon paper imprint test per Annex B.

Q9: What are the main sources of test error in ISO 2758?

A9: Pumping rate outside 95 ±5 mL/min

Worn, stiff, over-soft or misaligned rubber diaphragm

Uneven, insufficient or over-high clamping force causing slippage or edge breakage

Air bubbles trapped inside hydraulic circuit (reduces measured burst value)

Uncalibrated pressure measuring system with poor dynamic response.

Q10: Can aluminium foil be used as official calibration standards for an ISO 2758 burst tester?

A10: No. Aluminium foil can only perform quick functional checks of the whole machine system. Foil’s tensile deformation behaviour differs drastically from fibrous paper, so it cannot replace formal static and dynamic calibration via deadweight pressure testers.

Q11: Why is ISO 2758 bursting strength testing critical for thin paper manufacturers and converters?

A11: Simulates real-world uniform tension risks: Paper undergoes even biaxial stress during high-speed printing, roll unwinding, label sticking and wrapping; low burst strength causes sheet breakage during production.

Fast raw material QC indicator: Burst strength directly reflects fibre bonding, pulp beating quality, coating integrity and manufacturing defects such as over-drying.

Global unified trade standard: Eliminates regional testing discrepancies for cross-border paper sales and customer specification compliance.

Supports lightweight cost optimisation: Burst index allows mills to reduce grammage while maintaining sufficient tension resistance to cut pulp costs.

Complementary quality metric: Works with tensile and tear tests to fully evaluate paper runnability for printers and packaging converters.

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