ASTM D5587 Fabric Trapezoid Tear Strength Test | United Test Fabric Tear Testing Machine

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Mechanical testing of industrial products and components is essential to ensure their load-bearing, fatigue resistance, and impact resistance, directly preventing production accidents and ensuring stable operation of equipment. UnitedTest can cover a full range of tests including tensile, hardness, and fatigue, complying with national and international standards, and provides customized industrial mechanical testing solutions.

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Tear & Shear Test evaluates material resistance to tearing and shearing forces, measuring critical strength parameters for quality control. Tear tests (Elmendorf/trouser/trapezoidal) assess resistance to crack propagation in films/fabrics, while shear tests measure resistance to parallel forces in joints/bolts. UnitedTest provides universal testing machines (10KN-600KN) with specialized fixtures for both tests, compliant with ASTM D624/D3164 and ISO standards, serving automotive, packaging and construction industries.

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ASTM D5587 Trapezoid Tear Tester | Textile Fabric Tearing Strength | UnitedTest

ASTM D5587 standard covers trapezoid procedure tear strength testing for woven, knitted, nonwoven and air bag fabrics using CRE tensile machines. UnitedTest manufactures ASTM D5587 compliant fabric tear test equipment for dry and wet textile performance evaluation.

ASTM D5587 is a widely accepted standard test method designed to determine the tearing strength of textile fabrics through the trapezoid tear procedure. This test method utilizes a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine to record accurate tear force data, delivering reliable and repeatable tearing strength measurements for a broad range of fabric materials.

Highly versatile, ASTM D5587 applies to nearly all fabric types, including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped textiles, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics, and nonwoven materials. It supports testing for untreated, heavily sized, coated, and resin-treated textiles, accommodating both dry-conditioned and wet-condition specimen testing to evaluate real-world textile durability under diverse environmental scenarios. The standard provides two professional calculation methods for test results: single-peak force value and the average of the five highest peak forces, enabling flexible and precise data analysis for different quality inspection requirements.

Commonly used in textile manufacturing quality control, garment material inspection, automotive airbag fabric certification and industrial textile R&D, ASTM D5587 effectively evaluates fabric toughness, tear resistance and structural stability. UnitedTest designs and manufactures high-precision ASTM D5587 trapezoid tear strength testing machines, featuring stable CRE tensile control, accurate data recording and multi-mode result calculation to meet laboratory testing and industrial batch inspection demands.

Test principle

An isosceles trapezoid is marked on a rectangular specimen. A short pre‑slit is cut at the midpoint of the trapezoid’s short base to start the tear. The two non‑parallel slanted sides of the trapezoid are secured in parallel tensile machine clamps. As clamps separate at constant speed, tension develops along a defined path and drives the pre‑made tear to propagate across the specimen. Force‑extension data is continuously recorded. Tearing strength is derived from peak tearing‑force readings from the force‑displacement curve. Peaks reflect yarn‑level resistance against tear progression; valleys between peaks carry no defined physical meaning.

Test Sample specifications

Shape/size	Rectangular specimen, 75 mm × 150 mm (3 × 6 in.), cut with the Fig. 2 die/template (tolerances ±1.0 mm as dimensioned)
Marking	Isosceles trapezoid; 25 mm (1 in.) short base
Starter cut	15 mm (0.625 in.) preliminary cut at the centre of the 25 mm edge
Laboratory sample	Swatch across the full fabric width and ~1 m (1 yd) along the machine direction, excluding outer wrap and fabric around the core
Test specimens	5 in the machine direction + 5 in the cross‑machine direction per laboratory sampling unit, for each test condition (dry and/or wet)

Test Equipment required for ASTM D5587 Fabric Trapezoid Tear Strength Test

Component	Specification
Universal Testing Machine	CRE tensile testing machine complying with ASTM D76/D76M, equipped with automatic data‑acquisition / chart recorder. CRT pendulum‑type tester is allowable per contractual agreement.
Clamps fixture	minimum dimension 50 mm × 75 mm; clamping faces must stay parallel during testing. Hydraulic, pneumatic or manual clamping is acceptable. For heavy‑duty industrial fabrics, recommended gripping force is 13‑14 kN. Anti‑slip options include emery cloth (80‑120 grit), serrated or interlocking jaws to prevent fabric slippage or yarn distortion inside grips.
Cutting die / marking template	produces the standardized trapezoid specimen.

Component

Specification

Universal Testing Machine

CRE tensile testing machine complying with ASTM D76/D76M, equipped with automatic data‑acquisition / chart recorder.

CRT pendulum‑type tester is allowable per contractual agreement.

Clamps fixture

minimum dimension 50 mm × 75 mm; clamping faces must stay parallel during testing. Hydraulic, pneumatic or manual clamping is acceptable.

For heavy‑duty industrial fabrics, recommended gripping force is 13‑14 kN. Anti‑slip options include emery cloth (80‑120 grit), serrated or interlocking jaws to prevent fabric slippage or yarn distortion inside grips.

ASTM D5587 Fabric Trapezoid Tear Strength Test

Cutting die / marking template

produces the standardized trapezoid specimen.

Test Parameters

Initial clamp separation	25 ± 1 mm (1 ± 0.05 in.)
Test speed	300 ± 10 mm/min (12 ± 0.5 in./min)
Load range	Full‑scale range chosen so the maximum force falls between 15 % and 85 % of full scale
Wet testing	Immerse specimens in water for ≈ 1 h; for water‑repellent/water‑resistant materials add a 0.1 % non‑ionic wetting agent; test within 2 min after removal from the water
Tear length	Test is stopped after the tear has propagated ≈ 75 mm across the specimen

Step-by-Step Test Procedures of ASTM D5587 Fabric Trapezoid Tear Strength Test

Run tests under standard conditioned atmosphere unless otherwise specified in material specification.
Mount specimen carefully into upper and lower clamps: align printed specimen marking lines (Line A, Line B) against clamp edges. Ensure the pre‑cut starting slit (Cut C) sits midway between two clamps; fold surplus fabric between jaws.
Start tensile tester; begin force recording after achieving the 0.5 N take‑up pre‑load.
Terminate cross‑head travel after approximately 75 mm total tear length or after full complete fabric rupture, then reset cross‑head to origin position.
Evaluate test validity:

If fabric slips in clamps OR ≥ 25 % specimens break within 5 mm of clamp edges → test is invalid. Modify clamp faces (serration, coating, emery cloth) and retest. Document clamp modifications in final report.
If ≥ 25 % specimens still fail near clamp edges even after jaw modification: fabric is considered untestable by D5587 method.
Record whether tear deviates cross‑wise against load direction; note unavoidable yarn distortion inside clamps in report comments.

Repeat procedure until five valid specimens are completed for each fabric direction (machine / cross‑machine) per test condition (dry or wet).

Industry Applications

Apparel & general textiles: woven, knitted, napped and pile fabrics, blankets — routine QC, fabric development, buyer–supplier acceptance testing.
Airbag and automotive textiles: explicitly in scope — tear resistance of airbag fabrics, seat and interior fabrics.
Technical/industrial textiles: coated, resin‑treated, heavily sized, layered fabrics; tarpaulins, membranes, filtration media.
Nonwovens: wipes, medical and hygiene products, filtration, geotextiles.
Geosynthetics/civil engineering: the same trapezoid geometry is standardised for geotextiles as an index test (ASTM D4533) .
Protective clothing: cited by protective‑clothing specifications (e.g. ASTM F1002); the older nonwoven method ASTM D5733 was withdrawn and most specifications now call out D5587 instead .
R&D and failure analysis: quantifying loss of tear resistance after UV/thermal/chemical ageing, coating or finishing, laundering, or wetting

Related Standard:

ASTM D4533	Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
ASTM D2261	Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
ASTM D5733	Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure
CNS 13299	Method of Test for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
AS 3706.3	Test methods for geotextiles Determination of tear strength Trapezoidal method
DIN 53859-5	Textiles — tear growth test — trapezoid test
ASTM D5587	Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
ASTM D751	Trapezoid tear test for coated industrial textiles, used for comparative testing of coated geotextile variants.
ASTM D6077	Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Leather
ISO 9073-4	Nonwovens — Test methods Part 4: Determination of tear resistance by the trapezoid procedure

Why ASTM D5587 test matters for the material

It measures the failure mode that actually occurs in service. Real damage starts with a snag, cut, puncture or stitch hole; what decides whether a product survives is how easily that damage propagates. D5587 quantifies exactly that, rather than tensile strength or tear initiation.

It gives a defined, repeatable tear path. The trapezoid forces the tear to run across the width, so results are comparable between fabrics, between production lots, and between machine and cross‑machine directions (essential for anisotropic wovens, knits and nonwovens).

It is a sensitive quality and durability indicator. Peak values respond to yarn strength and structure, weave/finish, coating or resin embrittlement, fibre degradation (UV, heat, chemicals, abrasion) and to wetting — so it detects process drift and ageing that tensile tests miss.

It supports contracts and compliance. With documented interlaboratory precision and defined critical differences, it is accepted for commercial‑shipment acceptance testing and dispute resolution.

It is safety‑critical in several fields — airbag fabrics that must not tear open, protective clothing where a tear removes the barrier, geotextiles where a tear destroys reinforcement/separation function, and medical/hygiene nonwovens where integrity must be maintained in use.

Caveats to keep in mind: it is a comparative/index method — the number is not the force needed to start a tear, single‑peak and five‑peak‑average results must not be mixed, CRE and CRT (or D5587 and ISO 9073‑4) results are not interchangeable, and a single tear force does not by itself predict complex in‑service loading (puncture, abrasion, multidirectional stress).

Keywords: ASTM D5587 tear tester,fabric trapezoid tear strength machine,textile tearing resistance test equipment,CRE tensile tear tester,woven fabric tear strength analyzer,knitted textile tear test rig,nonwoven fabric durability tester,air bag fabric tear resistance machine,coated textile material testing instrument,wet dry fabric tear performance test,industrial textile quality control device,garment fabric strength certification equipment,napped fabric tear resistance tester,layered textile mechanical test system,textile resin treated fabric inspection machine

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens. Matched with UNITEDTEST design and produced various test fixture, like peel, flexure, puncture, tear, pneumatic grip, belt tension etc., this UTM can be used to almost all materials include but not limited to steel rod, rubber, steel wire, plastic, seat belt, textile, wood, panel etc., mechanical performance inspection.

ASTM D4533 Tearing fixture is suitable for determining the tearing strength of geosynthetic materials using the trapezoidal method, specifically the tearing force required to initiate and subsequently propagate a tear from an initial incision under specified conditions.

Q1: What is ASTM D5587 test used to measure?

A1: ASTM D5587 measures tear‑propagation strength for fabrics using trapezoid geometry on a CRE universal tensile tester. It tests how much force is required to keep an existing pre‑cut crack spreading across fabric, not the force to create a brand‑new initial tear. It works for woven, knitted, non‑woven, coated, air‑bag, pile and napped fabrics, both dry and wet‑soaked specimens.

Q2: Why is ASTM D5587 test important for textile materials?

A2: It is widely adopted for commercial incoming‑goods acceptance testing between buyer and supplier with proven inter‑laboratory precisionASTM Inter.... When fabric gets a small nick or cut in real‑world service, this test simulates whether that minor damage will quickly grow into a large rip. It compares relative tear‑resistance between different fabrics or warp/weft directions of the same fabric, supports finishing‑formula validation (sizing, resin, coating), and provides objective data for product‑spec compliance for automotive, protective‑wear and industrial textiles.

Q3: What is the difference between CRE and CRT tensile tester for D5587? Can I use them interchangeably?

A3: CRE (Constant‑Rate‑of‑Extension) is the mandatory preferred machine. CRT (Constant‑Rate‑of‑Traverse) may only be used with written agreement between purchaser and supplier. There is no guaranteed correlation between CRE and CRT results, so they cannot swap freely. When result conflicts appear, CRE‑machine data takes precedence.

Q4: Why two calculation options (single‑peak vs average of five highest peaks) in this standard? When to pick each?

A4: During trapezoid tearing, yarns break sequentially and produce multiple force peaks on force‑extension curves, valleys between peaks have no test meaning.

‑ Average of five highest peaks (Option1): Use when 5 or more valid peaks occur (peak = minimum 10 % force rise/fall). This is the more‑common selection for woven industrial fabrics.

‑ Single‑peak force (Option2): Apply for fabrics showing fewer than five measurable peaks, e.g., some brittle coated or non‑woven textiles. The calculation method must be clearly documented in your final lab report.

Q5: What is yarn distortion / yarn bunching, and how should we handle it during D5587 testing?

A5: Yarn distortion is yarn bunching, sliding or gathering near clamp jaws instead of cleanly breaking during tear, often seen in dense weaves, high‑strength filament or glass‑fiber fabrics. First try fixes: emery‑cloth jaw covers, serrated/interlocking clamp faces, adjust clamping pressure. If distortion still cannot be eliminated even after modification: keep those peak‑force data for calculation, and explicitly note yarn‑distortion occurrence in test report as required by ASTM D5587. Do not discard those test specimens automatically.

Q6: How to run wet‑specimen trapezoid tear per D5587?

A6: Immerse specimens in ambient distilled / de‑ionized water; typical soaking duration is 1 hour. For water‑repellent treated fabrics add 0.1 % non‑ionic wetting agent. Once you take wet samples out of water bath, you must complete full test within 2 minutes. Discard specimen if over 2 minutes delay occurs before starting tension test.

Q7. How does D5587 differ from D2261, D1424, ISO 9073-4 and D4533?

A7:

D2261 tongue (single rip): 200 × 75 mm specimen with a 75 mm cut, 50 ± 2 mm/min, 75 mm gauge.
D1424 Elmendorf: falling-pendulum dynamic test, 43 mm tear length, results in centinewtons.
ISO 9073-4: same 75 × 150 mm trapezoid and 15 mm cut, but 100 ± 10 mm/min and reports the maximum force.
D4533/D4533M: same trapezoid geometry for geotextiles at 300 mm/min, explicitly an index test.
Results from these methods are not interchangeable with D5587.

Q8. What equipment does UnitedTest supply for ASTM D5587?

A8: UnitedTest (Beijing United Test Co., Ltd.) supplies computer-controlled CRE universal testing machines — single-column frames from 100 N to 5 kN and dual-column bench-top or floor models from 5 kN to 300 kN — with Class 0.5 force measurement to ISO 7500-1 / ASTM E4. For D5587 we configure: parallel pneumatic or manual fabric grips of 50 × 75 mm or wider (rubber, emery-faced or serrated options), a suitably sized low-capacity load cell, the trapezoid cutting die and marking template to Fig. 2, and test software that records the full force–extension trace at high sampling rate and calculates both the single-peak force and the average of the five highest peaks. Machine capacity, grips, fixtures and report templates can be customised to your fabric and specification.

Q9: Why choose ASTM D5587 Trapezoid Tearing Strength Tester from UnitedTest?

A9: UnitedTest supplies ASTM D5587‑15(R24) compliant trapezoid tearing strength tester & test fixtures for woven, knit, non‑woven, coated and automotive fabrics. CRE‑type universal tensile machine for fabric tear‑propagation strength measurement, supports dry & wet textile tear testing for QC lab and textile R&D.

UnitedTest is a professional manufacturer of textile mechanical testing instruments, delivering complete test‑system solutions for ASTM D5587 Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure for global quality‑control laboratories, textile mills, automotive‑textile factories, protective‑clothing manufacturers and third‑party testing houses.

Our CRE‑type universal tensile testing machine with dedicated trapezoid tear fixture fully complies with ASTM D5587‑15(R24) requirements, to measure fabric tear‑propagation resistance for woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non‑woven fabrics, air‑bag fabrics, pile/napped textiles, heavily‑sized and resin‑coated fabrics, supporting both dry‑conditioned and wet‑soaked specimen testing.

Key features for ASTM D5587 test configuration:

Constant‑Rate‑of‑Extension (CRE) drive system, test speed adjustable to 300 mm/min ± 10 mm/min as required by D5587 standard.
Precision trapezoid tear clamps (50 mm × 75 mm jaw size) with optional rubber‑padded, 80‑120 grit emery‑cloth‑ready, serrated/interlocking jaw inserts, to minimize fabric slippage and mitigate yarn distortion during tear test.
High‑speed data acquisition, automatically records force‑extension curves; supports two calculation algorithms: average of five highest‑peak forces and single‑peak‑force calculation, matching D5587‑specified calculation options.
Software outputs complete test report including peak‑force data, specimen‑direction info, test‑condition notes, clamp‑modification remarks for lab‑report compliance.
Supports standard textile conditioning chamber integration for dry‑specimen conditioning and special setup for wet‑tear testing.

The ASTM D5587 trapezoid tear test evaluates how easily an existing cut propagates through fabric under tension, a critical quality index for incoming‑material acceptance, textile finishing‑process evaluation, and product‑performance verification for apparel, home textiles, industrial fabrics and automotive safety textiles.

UnitedTest’s ASTM D5587 tear‑test setup works together with related textile‑test standards: ASTM D2261 tongue tear, ASTM D1424 Elmendorf tear, ASTM D4533 geotextile trapezoid tear. Our engineering team can provide customized fixture‑solution consultation for hard‑to‑test materials such as high‑strength glass‑fiber fabrics and heavy‑industrial textiles.

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you