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Home >> Products >> Plastic Pipe Industry Testing >> Oxygen Index Test >> High Temperature Oxygen Index Test Apparatus ISO 4589-3

High Temperature Oxygen Index Test Apparatus ISO 4589-3

Model: HTYZS-100E

High Temperature Extreme Oxygen Index Tester - Critical value of oxygen demand concentration during material combustion. High-temperature limit oxygen index tester refers to the volume fraction concentration of oxygen that can support the combustion of materials in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gas, and is an index that characterizes the combustion behavior of materials. With the increasing demand for material properties and the wider range of material applications, the testing conditions for the ease of material combustion have become more stringent. The high temperature limit oxygen index tester is mainly used to test the ease of combustion of materials under high temperature conditions, and to control product quality by testing the combustion performance of materials.

This testing apparatus is critical for evaluating the fire performance of plastics, rubbers, foams, films, and composite materials under simulated high-temperature service environments. Industries ranging from aerospace, automotive, electrical engineering, and construction rely on high temperature LOI test data to assess material fire safety and meet regulatory compliance requirements.

Standard ISO 4589-3 Elevated-Temperature Oxygen Index Test

ISO 4589-3: Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index — Part 3: Elevated-temperature tes

ISO 4589-2 and ASTM D2863.

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General introduction

A high temperature oxygen index tester is a flammability testing instrument that determines the lowest oxygen concentration, in a flowing oxygen/nitrogen mixture, that will just sustain flaming combustion of a vertical specimen at an elevated temperature. It is the reference tool for measuring temperature index (TI) under ISO 4589-3, flammability temperature (FT), and — when run at room temperature — the classic limiting oxygen index (LOI) under ISO 4589-2 and ASTM D2863. This guide explains the standards, the test details, the fixtures and specimen holders involved, and how to select a machine. Equipment described here is manufactured by UnitedTest, a Beijing-based specialist in material testing machines.

What Does "Oxygen Index" Actually Mean?

The oxygen index (OI), also called limiting oxygen index (LOI), is the minimum volume fraction of oxygen — expressed as a percentage — in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of a material under specified test conditions. Because ambient air contains about 20.9 % oxygen, the number is intuitive:

OI < 21 % — burns readily in normal air (flammable).

OI 21–27 % — marginal; self-extinguishing only under favourable conditions.

OI > 27–28 % — generally regarded as flame retardant / self-extinguishing.

That is why the oxygen index tester is one of the most economical and repeatable quality-control tools in the plastics, rubber, cable and textile industries — it compresses "how flammable is this formulation?" into a single, comparable number.

Main Features

Key feature
Standard
Key parts
Principle and Key Components
Why Elevated-Temperature Testing Matters
Test Procedure, Step by Step
Specimen dimensions
Keywords

1, Reasonable structure, easy to operate, consist by main control box and burning tube.

2, High temperature limiting oxygen index tester is used to measure the limiting oxygen index of solid materials such as textiles, plastics, laminated materials, foam materials, films and films under various conditions beyond normal temperature, which can be used to evaluate the combustion performance of materials under specified conditions, so as to guide material research and development, provide data basis for product acceptance, and provide data basis for new material research and development, product quality acceptance, etc.

3, The sample is vertically fixed in a transparent heating test cylinder with an upward flowing oxygen and nitrogen mixture gas. The top of the sample is ignited, and the combustion characteristics of the sample are observed. The continuous combustion time or combustion length of the sample is compared with the given limit value. Through a series of experiments at different oxygen concentrations, the minimum oxygen depth value expressed as the percentage of oxygen content during combustion is measured.

ISO 4589-3 Determination of Combustion Behavior of Plastics by Oxygen Index Method - High Temperature Test NES 715 Small Sample Material Oxygen Index Determination -High temperature testing can also be used for room temperature testing;

- Key parameters: Heating rate control, gas preheating system, temperature uniformity within ±2°C

- Application: Materials used in high-temperature environments such as engine compartments, aircraft interiors, and electronic enclosures

- UnitedTest advantage: Our ISO 4589-3 compliant high temperature oxygen index tester features a PID-controlled heating system with dual-zone temperature regulation for exceptional thermal uniformity.

GB/T 2406.2 Determination of Combustion Behavior of Plastics by Oxygen Index Method;

ISO 4589-2 Determination of Combustion Behavior of Plastics by Oxygen Index Method;

Test principle: A vertically mounted specimen is ignited at the top in a controlled oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere flowing upward through a glass chimney. The minimum oxygen volume fraction that sustains flaming combustion for 3 minutes or consumes 50 mm of specimen length is recorded as the LOI value.

Temperature range: Ambient temperature (typically 23°C ± 2°C)

Specimen types: Rigid plastics, flexible materials, films, foams, and sheets

UnitedTest compliance: Our standard oxygen index tester base model fully conforms to ISO 4589-2 specifications, serving as the foundation platform for high-temperature upgrade modules.

GB/T 5454-1997 Textiles Combustion Performance Test Oxygen Index Method;

ASTM D2863 Plastic Oxygen Index Test Standard Determination of Oxygen Index of NES 714 Small Sample Material;

GB/T 10707 Rubber Determination of Combustion Properties Oxygen Index Method;

1, Imported sensors

Imported high-precision paramagnetic oxygen concentration sensor with high accuracy and stable performance. Real time detection of oxygen concentration, combined with PLC precise control to adjust the oxygen concentration passing through the airflow.

2, Flexible fixture design

The fixture is made of fire-resistant and stainless materials that can withstand high temperatures without rusting, and can hold various samples. By replacing the sample clamp, different characteristics of the sample requirements can be met.

3, 7-inch color screen, intelligent touch, multi-point touch operating system, convenient control, multilingual display, switching between Chinese and English. Simplified operating interface and easy to operate.

4, Quick change structural design

The test tube of the instrument is made of high temperature resistant to transparent glass, and has heating function to improve various high-temperature conditions for the experiment. In addition, the test tube is combined with the base in a quick change design, which allows clear observation of the combustion situation during the test. It is also easy to clean after the experiment. The stainless steel base can avoid various corrosion effects on the test data and has a long service life.

An elevated temperature oxygen index tester is built on the standard (ambient) LOI apparatus, then adds a heated chimney and a gas pre-heater. The specimen is clamped vertically in the centre of a transparent double-wall chimney; a precisely proportioned O₂/N₂ mixture flows upward at about 40 ± 2 mm/s (roughly 10–12 L/min, depending on chimney bore); the top of the specimen is ignited and the burning behaviour is judged against fixed criteria at a series of oxygen concentrations.

Heated test chimney (combustion column)

Material: high-temperature quartz glass or borosilicate glass — must survive repeated heating and thermal shock.

Inner tube: ID ≥ 75 mm (typically 75–100 mm), height ≥ 450 mm (450–550 mm). Outer safety tube with a 5–10 mm annular gap.

Top outlet restricted to 40 ± 2 mm so the exhaust velocity reaches at least 90 mm/s and room draughts cannot disturb the flame.

The high-temperature model integrates a heating element / annular heater and pre-heater so that both the incoming gas and the column wall are brought to the set temperature.

Gas supply, mixing and measurement

Gases: oxygen and nitrogen, industrial purity ≥ 98 % (99.5 % or better recommended); propane, butane or methane (≥ 97 %) for the ignition flame.

Proportioning: precision regulators + needle valves + rotameters on entry-level machines, or mass flow controllers (MFC) with closed-loop PLC control on advanced units. MFC-based designs hold the set oxygen concentration automatically, which removes operator bias.

Mixing: a stainless-steel mixing chamber, a gas diffusion ring and a bed of glass beads (3–5 mm, 80–100 mm deep) above a wire screen homogenise the flow and stop burning drips from blocking the inlet.

Oxygen measurement: an imported paramagnetic oxygen sensor is the preferred solution — ± 0.1 % O₂ accuracy, fast response and no consumable cell. Electrochemical cells are cheaper but drift and need replacement roughly once a year.

Temperature control

K-type armoured thermocouples measure the gas temperature near the specimen and in the pre-heater; a PID controller on the PLC/touch screen holds the set point. High-temperature configurations reach 150 °C, 200 °C or 400 °C depending on model — the wider the range, the more expensive the heater, glassware and insulation.

Ambient LOI data can be misleading for anything that works hot. Cable insulation in a conduit, an enclosure around a power supply, under-hood automotive parts, battery pack separators, aircraft interior panels and building insulation all experience elevated service temperatures where ignition becomes far easier. Typical applications of a high temperature oxygen index tester include:

Flame-retardant plastics, engineering polymers and compounds (R&D formulation screening).

Rubber, elastomers, high-performance fibres and composites.

Wire & cable sheathing and insulation (EN 45545-2, IEC 60695 family, NES 714/715).

Textiles, nonwovens and coated fabrics (GB/T 5454, ISO 4589 / ASTM D2863 basis).

Foams and insulation boards (density ≥ 100 kg/m³).

Aerospace, rail, marine and defence material qualification; incoming inspection and batch release.

1 Condition the specimens (23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH, ≥ 88 h) and measure width and thickness.

2 Mark the specimen: 50 mm from the ignited end for Procedure A; 10 mm and 60 mm for Procedure B.

3 Mount the specimen in the appropriate clamp or support frame, vertical and centred in the chimney, top at least 100 mm below the outlet.

4 Set the test temperature (ISO 4589-3 only) and allow the gas and column to stabilise — typically a few minutes of pre-heating.

5 Purge the chimney with the gas mixture for at least 30 s, then set the flow to 40 ± 2 mm/s at the measurement temperature.

6 Set the oxygen concentration on the controller; the instrument (MFC version) adjusts O₂/N₂ automatically and holds the value.

7 Ignite the top of the specimen. In ISO 4589-2 the flame is applied to the top surface for a maximum of 30 s, removed briefly (about 5 s) to check whether combustion is self-sustaining, and re-applied as needed; automated machines typically use a 15 s ignition timer.

8 Judge the response:

X ("burned") — flaming continues for > 180 s after the igniter is withdrawn, or the burn length exceeds 50 mm below the top (top-surface ignition) / 50 mm below the upper mark (propagating ignition) / 80 mm below the upper mark for Form V.

O ("not burned") — the specimen extinguishes within 180 s and short of the length criterion.

9 Walk the staircase: after X, lower the oxygen concentration; after O, raise it. Start with a coarse step, and once the difference between an X and an O result is ≤ 1.0 %, continue with the final step d (commonly 0.2 %).

10 Calculate: at least 15 valid specimens; use the Dixon up-and-down formula OI = Cf + k · d, where Cf is the final concentration, d the step and k the coefficient read from the standard's table for the observed response pattern. Report OI to one decimal place together with the standard deviation.

For the elevated-temperature route the same logic applies, but the reported value is the temperature index TI at the stated test temperature (e.g. "TI (125 °C) = 24.6 %"). As temperature rises, the oxygen index of a material falls — which is exactly the risk ISO 4589-3 is designed to expose.

Form	Length (mm)	Width (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Typical use
I	80–150	10 ± 0.5	4 ± 0.25	Moulding materials
II	80–150	10 ± 0.5	10 ± 0.5	Cellular materials
III	80–150	10 ± 0.5	≤ 10.5	Sheet, as received
IV	70–150	6.5 ± 0.5	3 ± 0.25	Self-supporting moulding/sheet for electrical purposes
V	140	52 ± 0.5	≤ 10.5	Flexible film or sheet (needs support frame)
VI	140–200	20	0.02–0.10	Thin film, rolled on the specified rod

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Main technical specification

Test temperature range	Room temperature - 150℃
Temperature accuracy	±1%℃
Oxygen concentration (oxygen index)	digital display with direct reading.
Resolution	0.1%.
Oxygen index measurement	uses automatic ratio measurement, can accurately check the oxygen percentage in ventilation ducts;
Gas supply pipeline	flow meter, pressure gauge, and needle valve.
Pressure gauge	Two pressure gauges provide oxygen output pressure and nitrogen output pressure respectively, and gas pressure can be adjusted through the regulating valve.
Measurement range	0~100% O2, resolution: 0.1% L/min
Measurement accuracy	level 2.5
Combustion tube	quartz glass tube, inner diameter: 75mm, height: 450mm
Gas flow rate at the top of the combustion tube	90mm ±10mm/s
Gas flow rate inside the combustion tube	40mm ±2mm/s
Input pressure	adjustable from 0.25 to 0.5 MPa
Flow meters	one for oxygen and one for nitrogen, range 1~11 L/min, resolution 0.1 L/min
Inlet for oxygen/nitrogen mixed gas	includes a pressure regulator, flow control valve, and mixing chamber.
Igniter	dedicated handheld propane electronic igniter. Uses a 2.0mm diameter copper tube, adjustable so the flame shoots straight down from the outlet 16mm ± 4mm.
Timer accuracy	±0.1 s/h.
Glass beads	φ4.5mm, fill height 95mm
Sample clamps	one set each of rigid self-supporting clamps and soft material clamps;
Heating System	Uses nickel-chromium alloy fast-heating electric wires, wound in segments around the glass tube to ensure uniform temperature inside the test cylinder.
Exterior dimensions	L630 * W350 * H655 mm
Gas Source	Oxygen and nitrogen with purity over 98% (provided by the user).
Weight	65kg
Power	220V, 50Hz, single phase

Main Accessories

Item	Quantity
Frame	1 set
Oxygen sensor	1 pc
Burning tube	1 set
Sample clip	2 pcs
Tube clip	1 pc
Sample install clip	1 pc
SS Steel ball	1 bags
Documents (Manual, packing list, certificate)

Standard

ISO 4589-3 Elevated-temperature oxygen index test plastics burning behaviour –

ISO 4589-3:2017 Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index Part 3: Elevated-temperature test

ISO 4589-3 specifies methods for determining the minimum volume fraction of oxygen, in a mixture with nitrogen, that will support combustion of small vertical test specimens under specified test conditions over a range of temperatures between 25 °C and 150 °C. The range of temperatures is typically between 40 °C and 150 °C. The results are defined as temperature index values at the test temperature, which is typical of the practical temperature that a plastic material can experience in an overheated service situation.

Methods are provided for testing materials that are self-supporting at the test temperature in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10,5 mm thick. However, they are not applicable to form V which requires a supporting frame as defined in ISO 4589‑2:2017, Table 2. These methods are suitable for solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density 100 kg/m3 or higher. The methods are also applicable to some cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 100 kg/m3. A method is provided for testing flexible sheet or film materials while supported vertically.

ISO 4589-2 Plastics burning oxygen index test - LOI Test –

ISO 4589-2 Plastics — Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index — Part 2: Ambient-temperature test

ISO 4589-2 defines how to measure the oxygen index (OI) — the minimum volume fraction of oxygen, in admixture with nitrogen, that will just support flaming combustion of a small vertical test specimen under specified conditions, at ambient temperature (23 °C ± 2 °C). Results are expressed as a percentage, e.g. OI = 29,5 %.

It covers self‑supporting vertical bars/sheets up to 10,5 mm thick (solid, laminated or cellular materials with apparent density ≥ 100 kg/m³, and possibly some below that), plus a method for flexible sheet/film tested while vertically supported. It also gives a short procedure to check compliance with a specified minimum OI. Note: it may not work satisfactorily for materials with high thermal shrinkage, e.g. highly oriented thin film.

ASTM D2863 Oxygen Index Test for Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics –

ASTM D2863: Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

Test Scope:
ASTM D2863 is a method to determine the minimum concentration of oxygen in an oxygen/nitrogen mixture that will support a flaming burn in a plastic specimen. There is no correlation to real end use conditions.

FAQS of oxygen index tester

1, How to Choose a High Temperature Oxygen Index Tester

Standards required: ISO 4589-3 for elevated temperature; ISO 4589-2 + ASTM D2863 for ambient LOI; add NES 715 / GB/T 2406.3 if your spec names them. One machine with a heated column covers all of them.

Temperature range: 150 °C is the ISO 4589-3 range; 200 °C is a practical step up; 400 °C is needed only for full FT work.

Oxygen sensing: paramagnetic sensor (± 0.1 %, no consumable) beats electrochemical cells on lifetime and drift. Ask for automatic zero/span calibration.

Gas control: MFC + PLC closed-loop control is far more repeatable than manual needle valves and float rotameters, especially at high oxygen concentrations where an air make-up line saves gas.

Chimney: quartz glass, ID ≥ 75 mm, height ≥ 450 mm, 40 mm restrictor, double wall with 5–10 mm gap; check that spare tubes and end caps are available.

Fixtures supplied: both self-supporting clamp and non-self-supporting frame, plus film rolling rod, glass beads, screens and marking gauge.

Automation & data: touch screen, automatic ignition, foot-switch control, USB/Excel export, optional PC software — these cut operator dependence and speed up audits.

Safety & compliance: over-temperature protection, gas leak-tight fittings, fume extraction, CE documentation, calibration certificate traceable to a reference material (PMMA).

Supplier capability: in-house machining, custom fixtures, installation training, spare parts and responsive after-sales — decisive factors over the life of the instrument.

2, Why Choose UnitedTest

Full standard compliance: All models meet ISO 4589-2, ISO 4589-3, ASTM D2863, and equivalent national standards

Customization capability: Temperature ranges, chamber sizes, and automation levels tailored to specific industry requirements

Precision manufacturing: ISO 9001 certified production with strict quality control at every stage

Global after-sales support: Installation, calibration, training, and maintenance services worldwide

Competitive pricing: In-house manufacturing ensures cost-effective solutions without compromising quality

3, The Standards: ISO 4589 Series vs. ASTM D2863

The ISO 4589 family and ASTM D2863 share the same physical principle but answer slightly different questions. Understanding which one your customer specification names is the first step in choosing the right machine.

Standard	Full title / scope	Test temperature	Result reported	Typical national equivalent
ISO 4589-1:2017	General requirements for oxygen index testing	—	Vocabulary, apparatus, general rules	GB/T 2406.1
ISO 4589-2:2017	Part 2: Ambient-temperature test	Gas introduced at 23 ± 2 °C	Oxygen index (OI)	GB/T 2406.2
ISO 4589-3:2017	Part 3: Elevated-temperature test	25 °C to 150 °C (typically 40–150 °C); up to 400 °C for FT	Temperature index (TI); Annex A: flammability temperature (FT)	GB/T 2406.3
ASTM D2863 (current: D2863-23 / -23e1)	Minimum oxygen concentration to support candle-like combustion of plastics; Procedures A, B and C	23 ± 2 °C gas temperature	Oxygen index (OI)	GB/T 2406.2, JIS K7201

4, How many specimens are needed for an oxygen index test?

Minimum 15 valid results for the up-and-down series; 15–30 for unknown or unstable-burning materials. Procedure C of ASTM D2863 is a short screening pass/fail route using fewer specimens.

5, Which gases does the apparatus need?

Oxygen and nitrogen of at least 98 % purity (99.5 % recommended) plus a flame fuel — propane, butane or methane of at least 97 % purity. A compressed-air line is a useful option at high O₂ settings.

6, Can one machine do both ambient LOI and high-temperature oxygen index testing?

Yes. A heated-chimney instrument such as the HTYZS-100E performs ISO 4589-3 TI/FT work and, with the heater off, standard ISO 4589-2 / ASTM D2863 ambient LOI testing using the same gas train and fixtures.