EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

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EN 1393 GRP Pipe Initial Longitudinal Tensile Properties Tester | UnitedTest

EN 1393 specifies test procedures for initial longitudinal tensile properties of GRP pipes, covering longitudinal modulus of elasticity with three available test methods. Compare against ISO 8513 requirements. UnitedTest manufactures EN 1393‑compliant GRP pipe tensile testing machines for composite pipe labs and quality control.

EN 1393 — Plastics piping systems — Glass‑reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Determination of initial longitudinal tensile properties

EN 1393 defines standardized laboratory procedures to measure the initial longitudinal (axial) tensile behaviour of GRP pipes, focusing on axial performance rather than hoop strength of glass‑reinforced thermosetting plastic piping components. This European standard features three distinct test methods and supports measurement of the longitudinal modulus of elasticity, alongside tensile strength and ultimate elongation data for GRP pipe specimens.

There is an important technical distinction between EN 1393 and ISO 8513: ISO 8513 keeps only Methods A and B and removes modulus evaluation capability, while EN 1393 retains all three test approaches and enables modulus of elasticity testing, making it valuable for detailed material characterization for GRP pipe development, certification and engineering design.

UnitedTest designs and produces high‑precision EN 1393 compliant GRP pipe tensile testing machines, supporting full‑range axial tensile property measurement including longitudinal modulus, tensile strength and break elongation for fiberglass‑reinforced polyester, epoxy and vinylester pipes. Our test equipment serves composite pipe manufacturers, third‑party test laboratories and civil‑engineering pipeline research projects.

Test Principle

A prepared GRP specimen (strip / full pipe / notched plate) is axially loaded at constant cross‑head speed until fracture occurs within 1–3 minutes.

Raw test outputs: maximum breaking force, strain/elongation data from extensometer (not cross‑head displacement for modulus).

All tensile properties (longitudinal tensile strength, ultimate elongation, modulus) are computed using initial specimen geometry dimensions.

Important note: Cross‑head movement cannot be used for modulus calculation due to unavoidable small grip slippage. External extensometer must be attached directly to the specimen gauge section for modulus and precise elongation.

Three Specific Test Methods & Application Scope

Method A: Longitudinal Strip Specimen Test

Specimen: Dumbbell‑shaped or parallel‑sided strip cut longitudinally from GRP pipe wall.

Application: DN ≥ 50 circumferentially‑wound / centrifugally‑cast GRP pipes; DN ≥ 200 helically‑filament‑wound pipes.

Usage note: Parallel‑sided strips are allowed for minimum‑property compliance testing and for pipes DN > 400.

Method B: Full Pipe Section Test

Specimen: Complete circular pipe segment preserving full cross‑section. Minimum length = greater value between 450 mm or four times DN in mm.

Application: All GRP pipe types, commonly used for DN up to DN 300.

Method C: Notched‑plate specimen test

Specimen: Square notched plate machined from pipe wall, with controlled neck notch geometry.

Application: Primarily for helically‑wound pipes with winding angle not near 90°, also usable for other GRP pipe constructions.

The notch forces fracture to occur at the neck region of the plate specimen.

Test Specimen

Method A strip specimens

Overall length: 300 ± 15mm

EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Built‑up‑end preparation: Specimen ends may be thickened by thermosetting resin / reinforced resin, then machined flat and parallel to align specimen centroid with machine load axis.

EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Method B full‑pipe‑section specimens

Full circular pipe piece; minimum length = max(450 mm, 4 × DN).

Measure internal/external diameter and wall thickness at three equally spaced circumferential positions on both pipe ends for calculating mean diameter dm.

Method C notched‑plate specimens

Cut from pipe wall with correct reinforcement orientation.

EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Specimen ends are resin‑built‑up; flash removed. Measure winding‑angle θ with ±1° accuracy.

EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Test Equipment of EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Universal Testing Machine (UTM)	Fixed and moving cross‑head with grips to guarantee perfect axial alignment between specimen and tensile‑load direction. Constant cross‑head drive speed; test duration shall be controlled so rupture occurs within 1 min‑3 min. Force‑measurement accuracy: within ±1 % of measured value, low inertia lag.
Specialized Grips	Grips must hold specimens without slipping or crushing damage. Self‑tightening automatic grips are acceptable. For Method B full‑pipe sections: segmented wedge grips with internal mandrel and reinforcing bands. For Method C notched‑plate samples: fixtures matching plate geometry; specimen ends often resin‑built‑up.
Dimension‑measuring devices	Measurement‑instrument accuracy shall be half the required measurement tolerance (e.g. ±0.05 mm instrument for ±0.1 mm measurement). Measures wall thickness, width, diameter, notch radius, winding‑angle θ.
extensometer / strain gauge	Mandatory only if elongation or modulus of elasticity is required. Cross‑head travel alone cannot be used to calculate modulus because grip slippage creates measurement error. Accuracy: ±1 % of indicated value. Strain gauges shall be mounted on both specimen sides and average values used for modulus calculation.

Mandatory Test Parameters & Stipulations:

Loading	Constant cross-head speed; rupture in 1–3 min
Force record	Maximum force in newtons; force–elongation if elongation/modulus required
Alignment	Longitudinal axis coincident with pull direction
Grips	Uniformly and tightly clamped to prevent slip
Rejected specimens	Slipped in grips or ruptured outside gauge length → discard and repeat
Modulus measurement	Requires extension indicator; grip movement not acceptable

For modulus, strain must be measured on the specimen, not inferred from cross-head travel.

Built-up ends are used when grip pressure would damage the specimen or when parallel loading centerline alignment must be ensured.

Step-by-Step Test Procedure of EN 1393 GRP pipes Initial longitudinal tensile test

Common procedure for Methods A, B, C

Condition specimen at test temperature ≥ 0.5 h.

Measure dimensions:

Method A: width b or b_G at center of gauge length, to 0.1 mm

Method B: internal or external diameter + average wall thickness from 3 equally spaced measurements at both ends

Method C: width b to 0.1 mm, winding angle θ to ±1°, neck radius r

Mount in tensile machine; align axially with load direction.

Clamp grips uniformly and tightly.

If needed, attach extension indicator for elongation/modulus.

Load at constant cross-head speed so fracture occurs in 1–3 min.

Record force–elongation data and maximum force.

Discard slips or non-gauge failures; repeat with replacement specimens.

Calculate strength, elongation, modulus per method.

Industry Fields & Applications

EN 1393 applies to European GRP‑pipe manufacturing, quality‑control, certification and third‑party‑testing laboratories for these sectors:

1. Municipal engineering: Sewer, drainage, drinking‑water supply GRP pipelines

2. Chemical‑process industry: Corrosive‑media FRP piping

3. Agriculture: Large‑diameter irrigation transmission pipes

4. Oil & gas non‑metallic underground gathering pipelines

5. Off‑shore / marine low‑pressure fluid piping

6. Construction building wastewater and fire‑protection piping

7. Composite‑material R&D laboratories and notified‑body certification labs across EU member states.

It serves factory quality‑control, third‑party product certification, and pipeline‑design input for European GRP‑pipe projects.

Related Test Standard:

ISO 8513	Plastics piping systems — Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes — Test methods for the determination of the initial longitudinal tensile strength
EN 1394	Companion European standard for circumferential (hoop) tensile properties of GRP pipes.
EN 1393	Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes - Determination of initial longitudinal tensile properties
JIS K 7033	Plastics piping systems -- Pipes made of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) -- Determination of initial tensile properties
ASTM D2105	Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube
ISO 527-4/ISO 527-5	Plastics – Tensile properties – Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic/orthotropic fiber-reinforced plastic composites Plastics – Tensile properties – Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastic composites
EN 1796	European product standard for GRP pipes that cites initial longitudinal tensile strength requirements; design basis for safety factors.
EN 14364	GRP piping for drainage and sewerage, references similar property data.
BS 2782 Part 12 Methods 1210A–C	UK Standards: Plastics piping systems. Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes. Determination of initial longitudinal tensile properties

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WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

Hydraulic wedge test grips are a robust and versatile solution for tensile testing of high-strength materials. It can be used in both static and dynamic materials testing applications – from 20KN to 500 kN force capacity for dynamic tests, and up to 600 kN for static tests.

Purpose-built for longitudinal tensile testing of reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe (RTRP) and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP). Adopting the internal mandrel and segmented split collet clamping configuration specified in ASTM D2105, this modular fixture ensures uniform circumferential.

Q1: What is EN 1393:1996 and why is this test important for GRP pipes?

A1: EN 1393:1996 is the European CEN standard for glass‑reinforced thermosetting plastic (GRP / FRP) pipe longitudinal tensile testing. It defines three test methods to measure initial longitudinal tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and longitudinal modulus of elasticity.

This test is critical for these reasons:

1. European project compliance: GRP pipe projects across EU countries require EN 1393 test reports for factory production control and tender acceptance.

2. Full elastic material data: Unlike ISO 8513, EN 1393 outputs longitudinal modulus, which is essential for structural design of buried pipelines under soil loads, thermal expansion and bending deformation.

3. Helical‑wound pipe evaluation: Unique Method C notched‑plate specimen solves testing challenges for pipes with non‑90° winding angles.

4. Manufacturing quality verification: Tensile strength, elongation and modulus are highly sensitive to fiber content, winding accuracy, resin curing and laminate lay‑up; the test detects defects like voids, poor fiber wet‑out or delamination before pipe field installation.

Q2. Which industries use EN 1393?

A2: Water supply and potable water, sewerage and drainage, marine and offshore cooling/intake/discharge lines, oil and gas, chemical process piping, power-plant cooling systems, fire-protection GRP systems, and civil infrastructure such as buried pipes, anchors, thrust blocks, and submarine outfalls.

Q3: What is the main difference between EN 1393 and ISO 8513?

A3: 1. EN 1393 has three test methods (A/B/C); ISO 8513 only retains Method A and B and removes Method C completely.

2. EN 1393 explicitly supports longitudinal modulus calculation, and requires extensometer for modulus measurement; ISO 8513 excludes modulus testing due to measurement difficulty for multi‑layer pipe walls.

3. EN 1393 controls test duration: rupture must take place 1‑3 minutes; ISO 8513 uses fixed cross‑head speed 2‑5 mm/min.

4. EN 1393 is European regional standard; ISO 8513 is global international standard. National EU standards such as BS‑EN 1393, DIN‑EN 1393 are national transpositions of EN 1393.

Q4: Can I use cross‑head displacement data to calculate modulus for EN 1393?

A4: No, strictly forbidden. Minor grip slippage and machine tolerance create measurement error. Modulus and precise elongation must use readings from an external extensometer or dual‑side mounted strain gauges directly attached to specimen gauge length. Cross‑head travel can only be used for simple break‑force tests, not modulus calculation.

Q5. Why can Method A, B, and C give different numbers?

A5: They introduce load differently: a strip localizes stress in a cut specimen; a full pipe section loads the whole cross-section; a notched plate introduces a winding-angle correction and notch stress concentration. Each is valid for its purpose, but not directly interchangeable.

Q6: What testing machine fulfils full EN 1393 compliance? Can UnitedTest supply this equipment?

A6: Mandatory hardware requirements for EN 1393:

1. Constant‑rate universal tensile testing machine with force accuracy ≤±1 % reading, low inertia lag.

2. Full fixture kits for Method A strip, Method B full‑pipe segmented mandrel grips, **special fixtures for Method C notched‑plate specimens**.

3. High‑precision extensometer / strain‑gauge acquisition module for modulus measurement (cannot rely only on cross‑head movement).

4. Software pre‑programmed with EN 1393 calculation formulas for strength, elongation and modulus.

UnitedTest is a professional manufacturer delivering fully EN 1393‑compliant GRP longitudinal tensile testing machines:

- Complete fixture portfolio: flat grips for Method A strips; segmented mandrel grips for Method B full pipe sections; dedicated clamping fixtures for Method C notched‑plate specimens.

- High‑precision extensometer channel for modulus calculation, strictly avoiding cross‑head‑displacement‑based modulus error.

- Servo drive system adjustable to achieve required rupture time window of 1‑3 min.

- Built‑in EN 1393 calculation engine; auto‑generate audit‑ready EN 1393 test reports.

- Custom load capacity from 10 kN‑600 kN for DN 50‑DN 300 GRP pipes.

Q7: Why Choose UnitedTest for EN 1393 Testing?

A7: UnitedTest is a professional manufacturer of EN 1393:1996 compliant GRP / FRP pipe longitudinal tensile testing machines, supporting all three test methods Method A, Method B and Method C defined in European standard EN 1393 for glass‑reinforced thermosetting plastic piping systems.

Unlike generic universal testers, our EN 1393 tensile system supports complete property measurement: initial longitudinal tensile strength, percentage ultimate elongation and longitudinal modulus of elasticity. A high‑precision extensometer module is integrated to avoid common modulus calculation errors caused by grip slippage and cross‑head displacement misuse.

Our full fixture package includes:

1. Flat reinforced grip fixtures for Method A dumbbell / parallel‑sided strip specimens;

2. Segmented wedge mandrel grips for Method B full‑cross‑section GRP pipe segments (up to DN 300);

3. Dedicated clamping fixtures for Method C notched‑plate specimens, specially for helically‑wound GRP pipes with non‑90° winding angles.

The servo closed‑loop drive system allows adjustable cross‑head speed so specimen rupture falls within the mandatory 1‑3 min test duration specified by EN 1393. Test software pre‑loads all EN 1393 calculation formulas, auto‑computes strength, elongation and modulus, and exports complete audit‑ready test reports matching EN 1393 clause 10 reporting requirements.

Available load capacities cover 10 kN to 600 kN. UnitedTest supplies complete lab solutions for European GRP pipe factories, third‑party accredited test laboratories, chemical pipeline producers, municipal drainage FRP pipe manufacturers and composite‑material research institutes. Our machines also support ISO 8513 testing, and can pair with ring stiffness testers and hydrostatic burst testers for full‑range GRP pipe laboratory setup. CE certified, global technical support and factory‑direct supply.

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you