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ISO 2062 Textile tensile test: Breaking Force and Elongation of Yarns

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ISO 2062 Textiles; yarns from packages; determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break


ISO 2062 specifies the method for determining the breaking force and elongation at break of textile yarns (single, piled, or cabled) under a constant rate of extension (CRE). It is a fundamental tensile test for yarn quality control. 

Test methods:

The primary method is the Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) test. The specimen is clamped and extended at a constant speed until it breaks.

Method A (Manual)Specimens are taken directly from conditioned yarn packages and tested manually;
Method B (Automatic)Specimens are taken directly from conditioned packages using an automatic tester;
Method C (Manual, Relaxed Skeins)Uses relaxed, pre‑conditioned test skeins. This method is mandatory for dispute resolution regarding elongation values, as it yields more accurate elongation results;
Method D (Manual, Wet)Specimens are tested after being fully wetted. Results from this method typically differ significantly from dry‑test method.


ISO 2062 Test principle:

The test operates on the principle of applying a constant rate of elongation to a single yarn specimen until it breaks:

A single yarn is securely clamped between two grips at a fixed gauge length.

The lower grip moves downward at a constant speed, stretching the yarn at a rate of 100% per minute of the gauge length.

The machine continuously records the force (load) applied and the corresponding elongation.

The test ends when the yarn breaks. The maximum force recorded is the breaking force, and the stretch at that point is the elongation at break (expressed as a percentage).

 

Test equipment required for ISO 2062 textile yarns: 

Universal Testing Machine

Recommend UnitedTest tensile testing machine with a constant extension rate of 500 mm/min.

It must measure force and elongation accurately and record the force-elongation curve until specimen failure.

Tensile Test Grips

Usually flat-faced, lined to prevent slippage. 

For filament yarns, wrapped or snubbed clamps may be used.

Long travel extensometerTo measure elongation (as a percentage of the initial gauge length). 


Test Specimen Information: 

Form: Single‑end (single‑strand) yarn taken from packages.

Gauge Length: Standard gauge lengths are typically 250 mm or 500 mm (specified in the standard). Typically 500 mm. 

Conditioning: Yarn must be conditioned in a standard atmosphere (e.g., 20 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 2% RH) for a specified time before testing (Methods A, B, C).

Sample numbers: The minimum number of specimens to be tested shall be 50 for single-spun yarns and 20 for other yarns. The specimens shall be distributed as evenly as possible among the 10 packages.


ISO 2062 Tensile Test Procedure: 

1, Conditioning: Condition the yarn packages/skeins in the standard laboratory atmosphere until equilibrium.

2, Sample Preparation:

For Methods A/B: Take single yarn specimens directly from the conditioned package.

For Method C: Prepare and condition relaxed test skeins.

For Method D: Wet the specimens thoroughly before testing.

3, Machine Setup:

Set the gauge length (e.g., 250 mm or 500 mm).

Set the extension rate to 100% per minute.

Zero the load and elongation readings.

4, Testing:

Mount a single yarn specimen in the grips, ensuring no slack or pre‑tension.

Start the machine. The yarn will stretch and eventually break.

The machine automatically records the breaking force (cN) and elongation at break (%).

Repeat the test for the required number of specimens (e.g., 50–100 times).

5, Calculation & Reporting:

Calculate the mean and coefficient of variation (CV%) for breaking force and elongation.

Report the results, including the method used (A/B/C/D), gauge length, and extension rate.


Related standard: 

ISO 3341Textile glass - Yarns - Determination of breaking force and breaking elongation;
ASTM D2256Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
AS 2001.2.7METHODS OF TEST FOR TEXTILES - PHYSICAL TESTS - DETERMINATION OF BREAKING FORCE AND EXTENSION OF YARNS
ISO 3342Textile glass - Mats - Determination of tensile breaking force


Importance of the Test:

This test is crucial because the tensile properties of yarn are fundamental indicators of its quality and performance.

Predicts Fabric Strength: Yarn strength directly influences the strength and durability of the final textile product (e.g., garments, home textiles, technical textiles).

Ensures Processability: Yarn with adequate strength and elongation withstands stresses during weaving, knitting, and sewing, reducing breakages and downtime.

Defines Fitness for Purpose: It ensures the yarn meets the required specifications for its intended end-use, from delicate apparel to heavy-duty industrial fabrics.

Provides Objective Benchmark: It offers a standardized, quantitative method for quality comparison between different yarn batches or suppliers.

Related products and device

ISO 2062 Textile Yarn Tensile Universal Testing machine

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

ISO 2062 textile yarn snbbing and capstan tensile test fixture

Snubbing and Capstan grips are all engineered to perform high strength tensile tests where the test samples are long compared to their cross-sectional area, such as wire, rope and strapping.

ISO 2062 yarn Bollard tensile test grips

Plastic tube, wire bollard tensile test grips are used on a Universal Testing Machine to perform tensile tests on filament material such as string, thread, wire and yarn. The specimen is wrapped around a bollard or post and then secured with a vise grip mechanism.

Related Standard

ISO 3341 Tensile Test of Textile Glass Yarn

ISO 3341:2000 Textile glass — Yarns — Determination of breaking force and breaking elongation


ISO 3341 specifies a method for the determination of the tensile breaking force and elongation at break of glass yarns taken from packages.

The method is applicable to various types of glass yarn (single, folded, cabled, strands, structures without twist, rovings, etc.). It is basically intended for single, folded and cabled glass yarns having a diameter of less than 2 mm, or a linear density lower than 2000 tex, taken from packages.  This test is applicable to various types of glass yarn (single, folded, cabled, strands, structures without twist, rovings, etc.). It is basically intended for single, folded and cabled glass yarns having a diameter of less than 2 mm, or a linear density lower than 2000 tex, taken from packages. 

ASTM D2256 Thread and Yarn Tensile Testing of Single-Strand String

ASTM D2256 is the standard test method for tensile properties of yarns by the single-strand method. It is the predominant standard used in North America and is technically very similar to ISO 2062. It quantifies breaking force, elongation at break, and derived properties (tenacity, modulus, toughness) under diverse conditions, serving as a benchmark for quality control, product development, and material specification. 

FAQs on ISO 2062: Yarn Tensile Testing

Q1: Why is the ISO 2062 test so important in the textile industry?

A1: It provides the fundamental metrics for yarn strength and stretch. These properties directly predict how well the yarn will perform during weaving/knitting and determine the durability and quality of the final fabric. It's a critical pass/fail check for quality control and supplier agreements.


Q2: What is the main difference between CRE and CRT testing machines mentioned in some contexts?

A2: ISO 2062 specifies the Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) tester. CRE machines move the clamp at a constant speed. The older Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) type, where the pulling clamp moves at constant speed and the force is measured from a pendulum, is considered obsolete for this standard due to less accurate force measurement.


Q3: How do I choose the correct testing speed (extension rate)?

A3: The standard provides a formula based on the specimen's gauge length and the "time to break." For a standard 500 mm gauge length, a rate of 500 mm/min is common. The goal is to achieve an average time to break between 20±3 seconds. The rate must be adjusted for different yarn types (e.g., elastane requires a higher rate).


Q4: Why are so many tests (min. 20 breaks) required for a single result?

A4: Yarn strength has natural variability. Testing a minimum of 20 specimens allows for the calculation of a statistically reliable average breaking force and elongation, as well as the coefficient of variation (CV%), which measures consistency. A low average strength with high CV% indicates poor, uneven quality.


Q5: What causes breaks at the clamp jaws, and why are they discarded?

A5: Breaks at the jaws are often caused by slippage or damage from the clamp's grip, not the yarn's inherent tensile failure. These results are not representative of the yarn's true strength and are therefore invalid. Using appropriate clamp linings and correct tensioning helps minimize this.


Q6: How does pre-tension affect the test result?

A6: Correct pre-tension (specified based on yarn linear density) straightens the specimen without stretching it before the test begins. Insufficient pre-tension leads to sagging and inaccurate elongation readings. Excessive pre-tension pre-stresses the yarn, leading to lower breaking force and elongation results.


Q7: What is the relationship between ISO 2062 and fabric strength tests like ISO 13934-1?

A7: ISO 2062 tests the building block (the yarn). ISO 13934-1 tests the constructed fabric. While strong yarn generally leads to strong fabric, the relationship isn't always linear due to fabric structure. Both tests are used together to understand and control the entire textile production chain.


Q8: Which method is used for dispute resolution?

A: Method C (relaxed skein) is recommended for disputes, especially for elongation results.


Q9: What results does ISO 2062 provide?

A:Breaking force (cN)

Elongation at break (%)

Mean values and coefficient of variation (CV%)


Q10: Why is CV% important in ISO 2062?

A: High CV% means inconsistent yarn strength, leading to breaks in production and defects in final fabric.

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