ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal-Vertical Flammability Burning Test

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ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal Vertical Flammability Tester | Small Flame Ignition | UnitedTest

UnitedTest manufactures ISO 1210 compliant plastic flammability test equipment for horizontal and vertical small-flame ignition testing. Measure after-flame time, after-glow time and burning rate for plastic material fire performance evaluation.

ISO 1210 Plastics: determination of the burning behaviour of horizontal and vertical specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source

ISO 1210 assesses the relative burning characteristics of plastic bar samples exposed to a small-flame ignition source. It defines two independent test protocols: Method A for horizontal burning test and Method B for vertical burning test. The test records key parameters including after-flame time, after-glow time, damaged specimen length and linear burning rate to compare the flammability performance of different plastic materials. UnitedTest provides professional ISO 1210 flammability testing machines for polymer material R&D, incoming material inspection and quality control in plastics, electronics and automotive industries.

Condition: ISO 1210:1992 is withdrawn. ISO transferred the method to the IEC, where it lives on as IEC 60695‑11‑10 "50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods"

Test principle

A bar specimen is clamped at one end and its free end is exposed to a defined methane flame for a fixed time. Depending on orientation:

Method A (horizontal): the bar is horizontal, the flame is applied to the free end for 30 s; you measure how fast the combustion front travels between the 25 mm and 100 mm gauge marks (or how far it gets before self‑extinguishing) → linear burning rate.
Method B (vertical): the bar hangs vertically and the flame is applied centrally to the bottom edge for 10 s, twice; you measure the afterflame time after each application and the afterglow time, and you observe whether burning drips ignite a cotton pad 300 mm below → classification by time thresholds and drip behaviour.

The flame is a small, low‑energy ignition source (the "50 W" flame in the successor IEC standard), i.e. it simulates a small localised ignition event (a short circuit, a small electrical arc, a stray ember) rather than a developed fire.

Test Specimen Information

Shape/type: bar specimens cut from representative sheet or end product, or cast / injection‑ (ISO 294), compression‑ (ISO 293 or ISO 295) or transfer‑moulded. Cut edges must be smooth; dust and particles removed.
Preferred dimensions: 125 ± 5 mm long × 13.0 ± 0.3 mm wide × 3.0 ± 0.2 mm thick. Other thicknesses are allowed by agreement (must be reported); maximum thickness 13 mm.
Quantity: minimum 26 bars prepared in total (extra advisable in case specimens shrink away). Method A uses 3 specimens; Method B uses two sets of 5 (one set conditioned, one set heat‑aged).
Applicability: solid and cellular materials with apparent density ≥ 250 kg/m³ (per ISO 845). Not applicable to materials that shrink away from the flame without igniting.
Marking (Method A): two lines perpendicular to the long axis at 25 mm and 100 mm from the ignited end.

Test equipment required for ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal-Vertical Flammability Burning Test

Recommend UntiedTest UL94 Horizontal & Vertical Flame Tester, consist of below:

Draft‑free fume chamber	Minimum internal volume 0.5 m³, with exhaust fan (fan shall be off during actual burning test)
Laboratory burner	ISO 10093 ignition source P/PF2; barrel length 100 mm±10 mm, inner diameter 9.5 mm±0.3 mm, no stabilizer attachment; produces clean blue flame height 20 mm±2 mm
Ring‑stand with adjustable clamps	For mounting specimens at required angles / positions
Timing device	Accuracy to 1 second
Millimetre‑graduated measuring scale; micrometer (0.01 mm resolution)	Measure burn length and specimen thickness
Gas supply	Technical‑grade methane gas (heat value ~37 MJ/m³) with regulator and flow meter
Desiccator	With anhydrous calcium chloride drying agent for post‑ageing cooling
Method‑A extra accessories	20‑mesh steel wire gauze (125 mm square); flexible‑specimen support fixture for sagging samples
Method‑B extra accessories	Dry absorbent surgical cotton (50 × 50 mm pad, max 6 mm uncompressed thickness) placed 300 mm below specimen bottom end; optional indicator rod for maintaining burner‑to‑sample distance with dripping specimens

Key Test Parameters

Parameter	Method A (horizontal)	Method B (vertical)
Specimen orientation	Longitudinal axis horizontal, transverse axis inclined 45°	Longitudinal axis vertical, clamped over the upper 6 mm
Flame	Blue flame 20 ± 2 mm high (adjust to yellow‑tipped blue ~20 mm, then increase air until the yellow tip disappears)	Same, 20 ± 2 mm
Burner position	Central axis in the same vertical plane as the bottom edge, inclined ≈ 45° to horizontal; flame impinges 6 ± 1 mm into the free end	Flame applied centrally to the mid‑point of the bottom edge; burner top 10 mm below that point
Flame application time	30 s (or until the front reaches the 25 mm mark, if sooner)	10 s, removed, then 10 s again immediately after afterflaming ceases
Withdrawal	Burner removed after 30 s	Withdrawn to ≥ 150 mm immediately after each 10 s application
Auxiliary set‑up	Wire gauze 10 mm below the specimen, free end flush with gauze edge	Cotton pad: 50 × 50 mm, ≤ 6 mm uncompressed thickness, 300 mm below the specimen's lower end
Measured quantities	Time t for the front to travel 25 mm → 100 mm; damaged length L	Afterflame times t₁, t₂; afterglow time t₃; drip ignition of cotton
Calculated result	Linear burning rate v = 60 L / t (mm/min), averaged over 3 specimens	Total afterflame time t_f = (1/5) Σ(t₁ᵢ + t₂ᵢ) for each set of 5

Test procedure of ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal-Vertical Flammability Burning Test

Method A (Horizontal burning)

Pre‑condition specimens; mark 25 mm and 100 mm lines from ignited end.
Mount specimen horizontally, fix wire gauze 10 mm underneath specimen lower edge. Install sag‑support fixture if sample droops.
Adjust burner to obtain stable 20 mm blue flame.
Apply flame at 45° angle for up to 30 s onto specimen free‑end. Remove burner either after 30 s or when combustion front reaches the 25 mm mark. Start timer at 25 mm mark.
Record travel time and damaged burn length L when combustion stops.
Repeat minimum three specimens, compute individual and average linear burning rates, assign FH‑category classification per Annex A.

Method B (Vertical burning)

Prepare two groups of 5 specimens: one group standard‑conditioned, one group thermally aged and desiccator‑cooled.
Clamp specimen vertically at upper 6 mm of length; position cotton pad 300 mm below specimen bottom.
Adjust burner to stable 20 mm blue flame. First 10‑second flame application to specimen bottom‑edge centre; withdraw burner ≥ 150 mm away, start timer for first afterflame time t₁.
After first flaming ceases, apply flame for second 10‑second exposure. Retract burner; record second afterflame t₂ and afterglow t₃. Observe dripping and cotton‑pad ignition.
Repeat for all 10 specimens (5 non‑aged, 5 aged). Calculate total set afterflame time for each five‑specimen batch. Assign FV‑category classification per Annex A criteria.

Industry Application Fields

Electrical & electronics: enclosures, connectors, switchgear, terminal blocks, cable accessories, PCB substrates, appliance housings — the classic domain of the successor IEC 60695‑11‑10 (a basic safety publication under IEC Guide 104).
Automotive & transport: interior trim, housings, ducts, connectors.
Household appliances & consumer products: housings and structural parts near heat/electrical sources.
Materials and compound development / QA: comparing formulations, verifying flame‑retardant packages, lot‑to‑lot and batch release control, monitoring the effect of pigments, fillers, additives, processing, anisotropy, molecular mass and ageing (loss of volatiles, additive migration).
Preselection / pre‑acceptance of candidate materials for a product — provided positive results are obtained at a thickness equal to the smallest thickness used in the final application.

Explicitly out of scope: assessment of the fire behaviour of building materials or furnishings, and any description of real‑world fire hazard.

Related Test Standard:

IEC 60695‑11‑10	50 W horizontal & vertical flame test methods
UL 94	Widely‑used North‑American standard for plastic flammability (HB horizontal burn; V‑0/V‑1/V‑2 vertical burn). Its test setup and evaluation criteria are highly analogous to ISO 1210 / IEC 60695‑11‑10.
ASTM D635	US horizontal‑burning rate test for plastics (similar to ISO 1210 Method A).
ISO 1210	Plastics; determination of the burning behaviour of horizontal and vertical specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source
IEC 60695‑11‑20	500 W flame (5V classifications), the "bigger flame" counterpart.
ISO 9773	vertical burning of thin flexible films/sheets (for materials that shrink away, which ISO 1210 cannot handle).
ISO 9772	cellular plastics, horizontal small‑flame burning.
ASTM D3801	vertical, 20 mm flame
ASTM D4804	thin flexible
GB/T 2408 (China), AS/NZS 60695.11.10, JIS C 60695‑11‑10, UNE‑EN 60695‑11‑10 — national adoptions of IEC 60695‑11‑10.

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UL94 horizontal vertical flame tester, standard UL94 flammability test chamber for plastic, rubber, foam, electronic material fire resistance test, supports HB/V0/V1/V2/5VA/5VB/VTM/HBF test grades, PLC touch screen automatic timing, 50W & 500W dual burner, 1-year full warranty, factory direct export

Oxygen Index Apparatus/LOI tester (Limitation Oxygen Index tester) is widely used to measure burning performance of plastics, rubber, fiber, foam,,film etc., The technique measures the minimum percentage of oxygen in the test atmosphere that is required to marginally support combustion.

Q1. What is the ISO 1210 test?

ISO 1210 is a small-scale laboratory screening test that determines the burning behaviour of plastics when a bar specimen is exposed to a small gas flame. It has two methods: Method A (horizontal specimen → linear burning rate in mm/min) and Method B (vertical specimen → afterflame and afterglow times in seconds). An informative Annex A converts the results into FH-1…FH-4 (horizontal) and FV-0 / FV-1 / FV-2 (vertical) classifications.

Q2. Is ISO 1210 still valid?

No. ISO 1210:1992 was withdrawn in 1999 and its content was transferred to the IEC. The live equivalent is IEC 60695-11-10 "Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods" (1999, AMD1:2003, current edition 2013). You will still see "ISO 1210" referenced in older material datasheets, drawings, Chinese GB/T 2408 legacy reports and customer specifications, so labs must still be able to run it.

Q3. What is the difference between Method A and Method B?

	Method A	Method B
Orientation	Horizontal bar, transverse axis at 45°	Vertical bar, clamped at top 6 mm
Flame application	30 s (or until front reaches 25 mm mark)	10 s, then 10 s again after afterflaming stops
Measured	Time for front to travel 25 mm → 100 mm; damaged length	Afterflame times t₁, t₂; afterglow time t₃; drip ignition
Result	Linear burning rate v = 60 L / t (mm/min)	Total afterflame time t_f, per set of 5
Classification	FH-1, FH-2, FH-3, FH-4	FV-0, FV-1, FV-2
Cotton pad	Not used	50 × 50 mm cotton, 300 mm below specimen

Q4. Which materials can be tested?

Solid and cellular plastics with an apparent density ≥ 250 kg/m³ (measured per ISO 845). Thermoplastics and thermosets, rigid and (with a support fixture) flexible grades.

Q5. Which materials cannot be tested?

Materials that shrink away from the flame without igniting. ISO 1210 §5.4 states such results are invalid — retest with new specimens, and if they keep shrinking away, the material is not suitable for this method. Use ISO 9773 (thin flexible films, vertical) or ISO 9772 (cellular plastics, horizontal) instead.

Q6. Why is thickness so critical?

Burning behaviour is strongly thickness-dependent — thin sections heat up faster and self-extinguish less easily. That is why ISO 1210 requires that a material be tested at a thickness equal to the smallest thickness used in the final application, why the FH-3 threshold changes at 3 mm (40 mm/min above, 75 mm/min below), and why every FV classification must state the minimum thickness that achieved it.

Q7. How is the specimen positioned?

Method A: clamped at the end farthest from the 25 mm mark; longitudinal axis horizontal, transverse axis inclined 45°; wire gauze (20 mesh) 10 mm below the bar with the free end flush with the gauze edge. The burner is in the same vertical plane as the bottom edge, inclined ≈45° to horizontal, flame impinging 6 ± 1 mm into the free end.
Method B: clamped over the upper 6 mm, long axis vertical, lower end 300 mm above the cotton pad; burner top 10 mm below the mid-point of the bottom edge.

Q8. How long is the flame applied?

Method A: 30 s, or until the combustion front reaches the 25 mm mark if sooner (timing starts at the 25 mm mark). Method B: 10 s, burner withdrawn to ≥ 150 mm, then a second 10 s application as soon as afterflaming ceases.

Q9. What if the specimen drips or deforms?

Drips (Method B): tilt the burner up to 45° and withdraw it just enough to keep molten material out of the barrel while maintaining the 10 mm spacing; note whether drips ignite the cotton pad — this is what separates FV-1 from FV-2.
Sagging (Method A): fit the flexible-specimen support fixture (Figure 2) about 20 mm from the free end and withdraw it at the same rate as the combustion front.
Movement (Method B): fit the optional indicator rod attachment (Figure 4) to hold the 10 mm distance.

Q10. Why is the ISO 1210 / IEC 60695-11-10 test important?

It reproduces the most common real ignition scenario — a small localised heat or electrical source (short circuit, arc, hot component) rather than a developed fire.
It separates the three failure modes: ignitability, flame spread rate, and self-extinguishment.
It evaluates flaming drips via the cotton pad, the mechanism by which a small flame propagates fire to materials below.
It is sensitive to formulation and processing — pigments, fillers, flame retardants, molecular mass, anisotropy direction, density and ageing all move the result, making it a practical R&D and batch-release QC tool.
It is the gate to market access: IEC/EN/UL product safety schemes and automotive/E&E OEM material specifications normally require an HB or V-0/V-1/V-2 (FV-0/1/2) rating before a plastic is accepted into an electrical product.

Q11. Which industries use it?

Electrical & electronics (enclosures, connectors, switchgear, terminal blocks, PCB substrates), household appliances, automotive and transport interior parts, cable accessories, and plastics compounding/QA laboratories.

Q12. Can ISO 1210 results be used to rate fire hazard?

No. Clause 5.2 states the results shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard of a material or shape under actual fire conditions. Hazard assessment also requires fuel contribution, heat release rate, combustion products, ignition-source intensity, orientation and ventilation. ISO 1210 is a comparative screening and quality-assurance tool, and no correlation with actual service performance is implied. It is also explicitly not intended for building materials or furnishings.

Q13. What related standards should a lab cover?

IEC 60695-11-10 (direct successor), IEC 60695-11-20 (500 W / 5V flame)
UL 94 (HB, V-0/V-1/V-2, 5VA/5VB, VTM), ASTM D635 (horizontal), ASTM D3801 (vertical 20 mm), ASTM D4804 (thin flexible), ASTM D5025 (burner spec)
ISO 9772 (cellular plastics, horizontal), ISO 9773 (thin flexible films, vertical)
GB/T 2408 (Chinese adoption), AS/NZS 60695.11.10, JIS C 60695-11-10, EN 60695-11-10
Complementary: IEC 60695-2-10…2-13 glow-wire, IEC 60695-11-5 needle flame, ISO 4589-2 oxygen index, ISO 871 ignition temperature

Q14. Can one chamber cover ISO 1210, IEC 60695-11-10 and UL 94?

Yes — the three methods share the same 50 W burner geometry, 20 mm flame, specimen size and measurement logic. A properly designed horizontal–vertical flame test chamber with an adjustable 0°/20°/45° burner carriage, mass-flow-controlled methane, cotton-pad holder, wire gauze and support fixture will cover ISO 1210 Methods A & B, IEC 60695-11-10, UL 94 HB/V-0/V-1/V-2, ASTM D635 and ASTM D3801 in one instrument. Add a 500 W burner kit for UL 94 5VA/5VB and IEC 60695-11-20.

Q15. Why choose ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal‑Vertical Flammability Test Machine from UnitedTest?

UnitedTest manufactures high‑precision ISO 1210 flammability tester (compliant with IEC 60695‑11‑10). Our horizontal & vertical plastic burning‑behaviour test chamber measures burning rate, afterflame, afterglow for polymer material R&D & quality control. Custom configuration & global after‑sales support available.

UnitedTest is a professional manufacturer of ISO 1210 flammability test machine, designed to perform Method A horizontal burning test and Method B vertical burning test according to ISO 1210:1992, fully aligned with superseding standard IEC 60695‑11‑10 for plastic burning‑behaviour evaluation.

Our ISO 1210 test equipment simulates small‑flame ignition‑source exposure for solid and cellular plastic specimens. It measures key parameters including linear burning rate, afterflame time, afterglow time, damaged burn length, and dripping‑ignition risk of molten polymer. This lab‑scale flammability chamber supports FH / FV classification for polymer quality assurance, new‑material formulation development, incoming‑material inspection and component‑material pre‑selection.

Core machine features

Draft‑free sealed test cabinet with ≥ 0.5 m³ inner volume; exhaust fan interlock (fan auto‑off during burning test).
Standard ISO 10093‑compliant P/PF2 burner, precisely adjustable 20 mm blue test flame, stable methane gas supply system.
High‑accuracy 1‑second‑resolution timing module, metric length measuring scale and specimen clamping fixtures.
Complete accessories for Method A: 20‑mesh steel wire gauze, anti‑sag flexible‑specimen support fixture.
Complete accessories for Method B: surgical cotton indicator pad set, optional indicator‑rod assembly for dripping specimens.
Safe observation window; anti‑corrosion stainless‑steel inner chamber; easy‑access door for specimen replacement.
Supports test‑data recording for test‑report generation matching ISO 1210 reporting requirements.

Typical application industries

Plastic raw‑material factories, polymer R&D laboratories, electrical component manufacturers, automotive‑plastic part producers, consumer‑goods material‑testing labs, third‑party testing institutes.

Note: ISO 1210 test serves as laboratory pre‑screening only; test results cannot substitute large‑scale end‑product fire‑hazard evaluation.

UnitedTest provides standard ISO 1210 flammability testers as well as custom‑modified configurations. We offer global pre‑sales technical consultation, installation guidance, operator training and long‑term spare‑parts supply. Contact us to get quotation and technical datasheet for ISO 1210 horizontal‑vertical burning test machine.

Related standards supported: ISO 1210, IEC 60695‑11‑10, UL 94 (HB / V‑0 / V‑1 / V‑2 test mode), ASTM D635.

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you

ISO 1210 Plastics Horizontal-Vertical Flammability Burning Test

Method A (Horizontal burning)

Method B (Vertical burning)

Core machine features

Typical application industries

Method A (Horizontal burning)

Method B (Vertical burning)