ASTM D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials | Bitumen Ductilometer for Asphalt Materials Test

Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry

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ASTM D113 Asphalt Ductility Tester | Bituminous Binder Elongation Test | UnitedTest

ASTM D113 standard test method measures the ductility and tensile elongation capacity of asphalt and bituminous binders by stretching standard asphalt briquet specimens at fixed temperature and speed. UnitedTest manufactures ASTM D113 compliant asphalt ductility testing machines for road construction material quality control.

ASTM D113 is a fundamental laboratory test standard dedicated to evaluating the ductility and tensile elongation performance of asphalt materials, bituminous binders, and processed asphalt residues. The standard specifies standardized laboratory procedures to test how far a custom asphalt briquet specimen can stretch before fracture occurs under precisely controlled constant temperature and fixed pulling speed conditions. All ductility test results are recorded and reported in centimetres, providing intuitive and accurate elongation data for asphalt material performance evaluation.

Asphalt ductility is a critical mechanical indicator that reflects low-temperature flexibility, crack resistance, and structural durability of road bitumen materials. ASTM D113 testing results are widely adopted for asphalt raw material qualification, pavement construction quality inspection, bitumen formulation verification, and road engineering material certification. It helps engineers and manufacturers screen qualified bituminous binders to prevent pavement cracking and structural damage under temperature changes and mechanical stress.

UnitedTest designs and manufactures high-precision ASTM D113 asphalt ductility testing machines. Our professional test equipment features stable constant-temperature control, uniform pulling speed, and accurate elongation measurement, fully complying with ASTM D113 standard requirements. Ideal for road construction laboratories, bitumen factories, and third-party engineering material testing institutions, our ductility testers deliver repeatable and reliable asphalt performance test results.

Test Principle

A molded asphalt specimen with a reduced (necked) centre section is conditioned in a water bath, then its two end clips are pulled apart at constant speed while fully submerged. Because the cross-section at mid-length is only 10 × 10 mm, deformation is forced to concentrate there; the material necks down into a thread and eventually ruptures. The distance travelled by the clips at rupture is the ductility.

What it physically reflects: the binder's cohesive strength + ability to flow/stretch without fracturing — i.e., a semi-empirical measure of tensile ductility, not a fundamental rheological property . Higher ductility = greater flexibility and crack tolerance; low ductility = brittle, over-oxidised, or contaminated binder.

ASTM D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials

Test Specimens

Specimen geometry: Cast briquet formed inside the standard brass mold.

Key critical dimensions of briquet:

- Minimum cross‑section width: 9.9–10.1 mm

- Briquet total length: 74.5–75.5 mm

- Mold thickness (specimen thickness): 9.9‑10.1 mm

Three replicate briquet specimens shall normally be prepared for one material batch.

ASTM D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials test equipment required:

Universal Tensile Testing Machine	Pulls specimen clips at uniform vibration‑free speed; specimen stays fully submerged (minimum 2.5 cm water above and below sample). Built‑in elongation‑length readout in centimetres; pulling‑speed tolerance ±5 %.
Brass Ductility Mold	Briquet mold assembly (brass, thickness 10.0 ± 0.1 mm) with brass base plate, including clips and side pieces, following precise dimensional tolerances.
Temperature‑controlled Water Bath (conditioning bath)	Maintains test temperature within ±0.5 °C; specimen immersion depth ≥ 2.5 cm.
Tools	1. Calibrated Thermometric Device: Liquid‑in‑glass thermometer or platinum‑resistance thermometer, resolution 0.1 °C, complying with ASTM E1, E2251 or E1137/E1137 M; periodic calibration required. 2. Release Agent: Mixture of glycerin plus dextrin/talc/kaolin to prevent asphalt sticking to mold surfaces. 3. Heating Oven: Controls temperature within ±5 °C for fluidizing asphalt for pouring. 4. Trimming Tool: Hot straight‑edged spatula/putty knife for trimming excess asphalt from mold top surface. 5. Specific‑Gravity Adjustment Additives: Methanol, sodium chloride, ethylene glycol etc., adjust bath density so specimen neither floats nor sinks to bath bottom. 6. 300‑μm (No. 50) Test Sieve (ASTM E11): For straining contaminated asphalt residues.

Test Parameters and stipulation:

Parameter	Specified Value	Tolerance
Standard test temperature	25 °C	± 0.5 °C
Pulling speed	5 cm/min	± 5 %
Conditioning time after trimming in test‑temp bath	90 min	± 5 min
Initial cooling after pouring mold (room temperature)	35 min	± 5 min
Pre‑conditioning in temperature bath before trimming	35 min	± 5 min
Water bath temperature fluctuation	—	± 0.5 °C

Normal rupture: the specimen must break near the centre. A rupture at either clip is not a normal test and must be discarded.
Buoyancy: if the specimen touches the water surface or the bath bottom at any time, the test is invalid; correct by adjusting bath specific gravity with an additive.

Detailed Test Procedures of ASTM D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials

Sample preparation: Heat asphalt sample in covered oven at 135 ± 5 °C until fluid enough for pouring. For suspected contaminated residues, strain through pre‑heated 300‑μm sieve.
Mold assembly: Mount three brass molds on flat, level brass base plate. Apply thin release‑agent coating on mold interior surfaces and base plate.
Casting specimen: Stir molten asphalt thoroughly; pour in thin continuous stream back‑and‑forth filling molds slightly over full level. Avoid shifting mold components.
Initial cooling: Cool filled molds at room air for 35 ± 5 min. Then immerse assembly in test‑temperature water bath for another 35 ± 5 min.
Trimming: Take mold assembly out of bath; lightly dry top surface; use hot trimming tool to scrape excess asphalt flush with mold top plane.
Final thermal conditioning: Return trimmed mold‑specimen assembly to constant‑temperature bath for 90 ± 5 min before testing.
Demolding: Remove side pieces of mold; shear‑separate briquet specimen from brass base plate; do not bend specimen.
Mount to testing machine: Fasten specimen end‑clips onto machine pins/hooks. Ensure side mold pieces are fully removed. Specimen must stay fully underwater. Adjust bath specific gravity if specimen floats or touches tank bottom.
Stretching test: Start machine, pull clips apart at specified constant speed until specimen ruptures or reaches machine maximum travel. Record elongation length in centimetres.

Industry / Application Fields

ASTM D113 serves pavement and highway transportation industry:

1. Quality acceptance test for neat asphalt binders used in flexible asphalt pavement.

2. Performance evaluation for recovered residues of emulsified asphalt and cut‑back asphalt.

3. Performance assessment for thermally aged asphalt (simulating plant‑mix short‑term ageing from RTFO / TFOT).

4. Used in material specifications for road paving asphalt; minimum ductility thresholds are specified in many procurement and project specifications.

5. Research laboratory evaluation for polymer‑modified asphalt binders to characterize tensile ductile behaviour.

Related Standard:

AASHTO T51	Practically identical test method for asphalt ductility, adopted by North‑American highway transportation agencies.
ASTM D5	Penetration test of bituminous materials (routine companion binder test).
ASTM D113	Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
ASTM D2872	Rolling Thin‑Film Oven Test (RTFO) for short‑term thermal‑oxidative ageing of asphalt, supplies aged‑residue samples for D113 ductility measurement.
ASTM D1754	Thin‑Film Oven Test (TFOT) for asphalt ageing.
GB/T 4508	Test method for ductility of asphalt
GOST 32056	Bituminous materials. Method for determination of ductility
AS 2341.11	Determination of ductility of bitumen
EN 13589	Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the tensile properties of modified bitumen by the force ductility method

Importance of the Ductility Test for Asphalt Materials

Ductility quantifies asphalt’s ability to undergo tensile plastic deformation without fracture:

1. Asphalt binder in pavement bears tensile stresses caused by daily thermal contraction‑expansion cycles and traffic‑induced flexure. Sufficient ductility means asphalt can stretch under tensile strain instead of cracking. Low‑ductility asphalt tends to produce thermal‑cracking damage in road surface, especially in cold‑climate regions.

2. It provides one key tensile‑property indicator for asphalt specification compliance check.

3. For modified asphalt binders, ductility test reflects how polymer modification improves the stretch‑tolerance of base bitumen.

4. Ductility result assists engineers in asphalt‑binder selection for road projects, supporting prediction of pavement anti‑cracking service performance.

Limitation note: D113 ductility only simulates specific constant‑temperature, constant‑speed tensile conditions; it does not fully reproduce complex multi‑axial stress states in real pavement structures. It is used together with penetration, softening‑point, viscosity and other binder‑test indicators for comprehensive performance evaluation.

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Q1: What is ASTM D113 test, and why is this asphalt ductility test important?

A: ASTM D113‑17 is the standard test method to measure asphalt ductility — how far a standardized asphalt briquet stretches under constant‑speed tension before breaking, measured in centimetres. It evaluates asphalt’s tensile plastic deformation capacity. Pavement asphalt endures thermal contraction and traffic‑induced tensile stress; adequate ductility helps asphalt stretch instead of cracking, reducing low‑temperature thermal cracking risk on roads. It is a mandatory acceptance indicator for asphalt binder procurement, QC labs, road construction projects, and asphalt material R&D. Note it only reflects performance under fixed lab test conditions and needs combining with penetration, softening‑point and viscosity data for full material assessment.

Q2. What is a "normal test"?

A: Two conditions must be met: (a) the specimen ruptures near the centre, not at a clip; (b) the specimen never touches the water surface or the bath bottom. If either fails, the test is invalid and must be repeated. Report the average of three normal tests; if no normal test can be obtained, report "unobtainable under the conditions of the test".

Q3: What is the difference between ASTM D113‑17 and AASHTO T51?

A: AASHTO T51 is the highway‑agency equivalent standard of ASTM D113. Test principle, specimen mold, core procedure are nearly identical. Minor differences lie in referenced companion standards and water‑bath volume requirements. In most road‑project lab testing, test data from either standard are mutually accepted when equipment and specimen preparation strictly follow requirements.

Q4. Can ASTM D113 be used for polymer-modified bitumen (PMB)?

A: It can be run, but it discriminates poorly — PMB often stretches past the machine limit, so "150 cm+" tells you little. For modified binders, EN 13589 force ductility (which records force and the work done during stretching) or Superpave rheological tests (DSR, BBR, direct tension, MSCR) are far more informative.

Q5: My specimen stretches to machine maximum travel without breaking, how should I report test result?

A: According to clause 7.1 of ASTM D113‑17, report value as “max length cm+”. For example, if machine maximum travel is 150 cm and no rupture happens, report ductility as 150 cm+. Do not record 150 cm directly, the plus symbol indicates non‑broken specimen at machine stroke limit.

Q6: Why are my test results highly variable between replicate specimens?

A: Main root causes in real‑world lab work:

Improper sample heating: over‑heating causes asphalt oxidation and property change; repeated heating‑cooling cycles degrade asphalt performance. Recommended heating temperature: 135 ±5 °C.
Brass mold wear: critical narrow‑section dimension out‑of‑tolerance. Mold cross‑section width must stay 9.9‑10.1 mm.
Insufficient conditioning time, unstable bath temperature, pulling‑speed drift of ductility tester.
Air bubbles trapped inside briquet during pouring molten asphalt.
Contaminated residues without filtering through 300 μm No. 50 pre‑heated sieve. Check equipment calibration, mold dimensions and sample preparation workflow to improve repeatability.

Q7: Do I need three replicate briquet specimens for every ASTM D113 test?

A: For regular reporting: report average value of three valid normal replicates. If sample material quantity is insufficient for three specimens, write replicate number explicitly in test report. For referee testing (when test‑result dispute occurs), three replicates are mandatory. For distillation residues, filter molten sample through pre‑heated 300 μm sieve before casting specimens for referee test.

Q8: Can I apply ASTM D113 test for emulsified asphalt residue and RTFO aged asphalt residue?

A: Yes. ASTM D113 covers virgin asphalt binder, cut‑back asphalt residue, emulsified‑asphalt recovered residue, and aged asphalt residues from RTFO (D2872) / TFOT (D1754). Important note: the standard has no established precision‑statement data for aged residues, so lab inter‑lab comparison for aged residues should be interpreted cautiously.

Q9: What additives can adjust bath specific gravity, and what safety tips should lab staff know?

A: Approved additives include methyl alcohol, sodium chloride, ethylene glycol. Warning: many additives are toxic or corrosive to ductility‑tester metal components. Wear protective gloves when handling bath liquid. Frequently replace bath water to prevent equipment corrosion damage, as mentioned in Note 5 of D113‑17 standard.

Q10: Is higher ductility value always better for asphalt binder?

A: Not absolutely. Higher ductility represents better elongation performance under 25 °C lab tensile condition. Real‑world pavement anti‑cracking performance is affected by many other factors: low‑temperature stiffness, ageing degree, polymer‑modifier quality, mixture gradation. Ductility result is one of multiple specification indexes and cannot be used alone to judge overall pavement performance.

Q11: Why choose ASTM D113 Asphalt & Bitumen Ductility Testing Machine (Ductilometer) from UnitedTest?

A: UnitedTest is professional manufacturer of ASTM D113‑17 & AASHTO T51 compliant asphalt ductility tester, bitumen ductilometer for road‑construction laboratories, asphalt binder QC, R&D and third‑party inspection testing.

UnitedTest is a trusted global manufacturer and supplier of asphalt laboratory testing instruments. Our ASTM D113‑17 asphalt ductility tester (ductilometer) fully complies with ASTM D113‑17 standard test method for ductility of asphalt materials and equivalent AASHTO T51 specification for bitumen elongation testingUnitedTest.

This asphalt ductility testing machine is designed to measure asphalt / bitumen ductility value: elongation distance (cm) of standard briquet specimen until rupture under constant pulling speed and precise water‑bath temperature control. It is widely used for quality‑control labs, highway‑construction testing agencies, bitumen refineries, university asphalt‑material research laboratories and third‑party material‑inspection institutes.

✅ Core machine features matching ASTM D113‑17 requirements

High‑precision circulating water‑bath temperature control, temperature fluctuation ≤ ±0.3 °C, meeting standard ±0.5 °C tolerance requirement.
Adjustable pulling speed, standard default setting 5 cm/min with speed tolerance within ±5 %.
Built‑in centimetre‑grade elongation measurement system, supports maximum long travel length for high‑ductility asphalt specimen testing.
Full specimen submerged water‑tank design; keeps briquet fully immersed during stretching test.
Compatible with standard ASTM D113 brass briquet molds (briquet mold accessories optional).
Supports asphalt binders, RTFO aged residues, emulsified‑asphalt recovered residues, cut‑back asphalt residue ductility evaluation.
Optional touch‑screen operation, test‑data recording function for lab‑report generation.

Typical applications:

Asphalt‑binder incoming acceptance test according ASTM D113‑17
Bitumen ductility performance for road pavement project QC
Polymer‑modified asphalt material research
Asphalt residue test after thin‑film oven RTFO / TFOT ageing
Conformity test for AASHTO T51 highway‑material specifications

UnitedTest provides factory‑direct asphalt ductility testers, optional OEM service, spare brass molds, after‑sales technical guidance for ASTM D113 test‑procedure setup, equipment calibration guidance. Our testing instruments are exported to North‑America, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa and Europe for road‑construction‑material labs.

We offer customization to meet your specific needs. Our expert team will collaborate with you to develop the perfect product for you