ISO 23658 Bead Peel Test for Sealants Adhesion

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Material strength is a course that most engineering fields are required to study in university education. This interesting course is very practical and makes use of testing equipment in the materials laboratory.

Mechanical testing of industrial products and components is essential to ensure their load-bearing, fatigue resistance, and impact resistance, directly preventing production accidents and ensuring stable operation of equipment. UnitedTest can cover a full range of tests including tensile, hardness, and fatigue, complying with national and international standards, and provides customized industrial mechanical testing solutions.

Mechanical testing in the plastic pipe industry determines ring stiffness, impact resistance, and tensile performance, directly preventing pipe bursts and deformation risks. UnitedTest can cover full-dimensional mechanical testing of pipes, complies with ISO,ASTM,EN et.c, international standards, and provides customized testing solutions.

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Mechanical testing in the transportation industry concerns the load-bearing and fatigue resistance performance of core components such as vehicles, tracks, and containers, directly ensuring transport safety and equipment durability. UnitedTest can cover mechanical testing for all types of transportation materials, complying with national and international standards, and provides customized testing solutions including tensile, fatigue, and impact tests.

Metallurgical testing examines the properties of metallic materials to determine if a particular metal is appropriate for its intended use.

Testing of polymer materials covers mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, verifying strength, heat resistance, composition, and ensuring product quality and compliance.

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Testing of rubber and elastomers is used to assess the various properties and performance of materials under different conditions. This is crucial for ensuring the safety, functionality, and quality of rubber and elastomer products used in industries such as automotive, construction, consumer goods, and aerospace.

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Tensile test evaluates material resistance to stretching, measuring strength/elongation critical for quality control. UnitedTest offers universal tensile testers (10-600KN) compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, providing tailored solutions for metals, polymers, medical & industrial materials.

Compression test assesses material resistance to compressive loads, measuring strength/deformation critical for quality validation. UnitedTest offers compression testing machines compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, providing tailored solutions for concrete, plastics, metals and industrial components.

Flexural & Bend tests evaluate material resistance to bending forces, measuring strength, stiffness and ductility for quality assurance. UnitedTest provides flexural testing machines (3-point/4-point bend) compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, offering tailored solutions for composites, plastics, metals and construction materials.

Torsion Test evaluates material resistance to rotational forces, measuring torsional strength/ductility critical for fasteners, insulators, shafts. UnitedTest offers torsion testers compliant with ASTM A938/ISO 16047, providing tailored solutions for automotive, aerospace, fastener industries.

Fatigue Test assesses material durability under cyclic loading, critical for predicting service life of industrial components. UnitedTest offers fatigue testing systems (axial/bending/torsion) compliant with ASTM E466/ISO 12106, providing tailored solutions for automotive, aerospace and manufacturing sectors.

Peel Test measures material adhesion strength by evaluating resistance to peeling forces, critical for adhesives, films, packaging. UnitedTest offers peel testers compliant with ASTM D903/ISO 8510, covering 90°/180° peel tests, and tailored solutions for packaging, automotive, textile industries.

Impact Test evaluates material resistance to sudden shock loads, critical for assessing toughness and fracture risk. UnitedTest offers impact testers (Charpy/Izod/fall weight) compliant with ASTM E23/ISO 148, providing tailored solutions for metals, plastics, glass and industrial components.

Tear & Shear Test evaluates material resistance to tearing and shearing forces, measuring critical strength parameters for quality control. Tear tests (Elmendorf/trouser/trapezoidal) assess resistance to crack propagation in films/fabrics, while shear tests measure resistance to parallel forces in joints/bolts. UnitedTest provides universal testing machines (10KN-600KN) with specialized fixtures for both tests, compliant with ASTM D624/D3164 and ISO standards, serving automotive, packaging and construction industries.

Hardness test measures material's resistance to permanent indentation, critical for quality control. UnitedTest offers universal hardness testers (Rockwell/Brinell/Vickers) compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, plus tailored hardness testing solutions for diverse industrial needs.

Biaxial/triaxial tests evaluate material performance under multi-axis loads, critical for biomaterials, metals and composites. UnitedTest provides compliant testing machines (ASTM/ISO) for planar biaxial, static/fatigue triaxial tests, with tailored solutions for industrial & biomedical needs.

Friction and wear tests assess material resistance to friction, abrasion and wear, critical for industrial material performance validation. UnitedTest offers tribometers compliant with ASTM G99/ISO standards, covering pin-on-disk, four-ball tests, and tailored friction & wear testing solutions for diverse industries.

Pressure test evaluates material/component resistance to static/dynamic pressure, critical for sealing, strength and safety validation. UnitedTest offers pressure testing machines compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, covering burst, hold-pressure tests, and tailored solutions for industrial, automotive & medical sectors.

Fire test assesses material flammability, heat resistance and fire-retardant performance, critical for safety compliance across industries. UnitedTest offers fire testing equipment compliant with ASTM/ISO/UL standards, providing tailored fire test solutions for building materials, plastics and industrial components.

Non-destructive Test (NDT) evaluates material/component integrity without damage, critical for safety & quality across industries. UnitedTest offers ultrasonic/X-ray/magnetic particle NDT equipment compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, plus tailored NDT solutions for aerospace, automotive & manufacturing sectors.

ISO 23658 Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Testing of adhesion properties using a bead peel test

ISO 23658 defines a practical bead peel laboratory test method to assess adhesion performance of one component and multi component construction sealants, mainly for elastic sealants and optionally for plastic sealants (requires skilled operators). The test evaluates sealant adhesion with cleaners, activators, primers on diverse substrates under peeling load, both in initial state and after artificial ageing simulation. Sealants under test shall have minimum elongation at break of 25 % per ISO 8339.

Test Principle

Continuous sealant beads are applied onto flat substrate panels. Specimens complete curing conditioning and optional artificial ageing sequences. Technicians manually peel the sealant bead off the substrate at a defined peel angle. Failure patterns (adhesive, cohesive or mixed plus multi‑layer interface defects) are visually observed, classified and recorded according to ISO 10365 failure‑pattern designation standard.

Test Specimen Production Rules

Two specimen preparation approaches are defined:

Method without mold (for non sagging sealants)

• Minimum bead length: 80 mm minimum, reserve ~50 mm bead length for each ageing cycle.

• Bead geometry: Semicircular cross section; bead height controlled 5 mm 8 mm. Too flat or over high beads create biased test results. Ensure full substrate wet out, avoid entrapped air bubbles.

Method with mold (for self levelling sealants)

• Non adhesive foam tape mold frames define bead boundaries; pour or tool liquid self levelling sealant inside the mould cavity. Maintain bead height 5 8 mm. Prevent chemical incompatibility between sealant and mold materials.

• Bond breaking tape may be laid at bead starting end (10-15 mm) to create an easy to grip peel tab.

• Multiple sealant beads can be laid on one substrate panel if multiple ageing treatments are planned.

ISO 23658 Bead Peel Test for Sealants Adhesion

Required Test Equipment of ISO 23658 Bead Peel Test for Sealants Adhesion

1. Test substrates: Selected based on end use application, agreed by involved parties (glass, aluminium, mortar, painted panels, stone etc.).

2. Application accessories: Sealant nozzle, shaping spatula for bead forming; non adhesive self adhesive foam tape (mold for self levelling sealants); bond breaking tape (10 15 mm length for easy peel tab initiation).

3. Cutting tool: Sharp cutting knife; safety protective gloves for manual peeling cutting operation.

Key Test Parameters & Mandatory Stipulations:

Sealant bead height	5 mm‑8 mm
Minimum bead starting length	≥ 80 mm; ~50 mm consumed per ageing cycle
Peel operating angle	130°‑160° between peeled bead and substrate surface
Interval between sequential cuts during cohesive‑failure peeling	3 s dwell time under stress; cutting spacing approx. 3‑6 mm
Typical ageing‑cycle example	14 d standard climate → 7 d de‑ionized‑water immersion (23 °C) → 3 d oven ageing (70 °C)
Result reporting resolution	Report failure percentage rounded to nearest 10 %

Test Stipulation & Full Test Procedure

Sample preparation: Select substrates and define surface treatments (cleaner, activator, primer). Prepare sealant beads either by mold‑free method (non‑sagging sealant) or mold‑assisted method (self‑levelling sealant). Apply bond‑breaking tape at bead start‑end if needed. Ensure good substrate wetting and zero air entrapment.

Ageing simulation (optional): Apply agreed artificial ageing sequences (water soaking, high‑temperature oven cycles). After each ageing step, retain sufficient bead length for subsequent peel evaluation.

Peel‑test execution:

1. Fix substrate firmly. Use knife to cut the bead starting end down to substrate surface, produce ~25 mm free tab for manual gripping. Wear safety gloves.

2. Pull the sealant bead manually at peel angle **130°‑160°**.

- If 100 % adhesive failure occurs: directly peel 50 mm bead length.

- If cohesive failure appears: increase pulling force until sealant starts tearing. Hold stress for 3‑5 seconds, cut close to bond line at intervals of approx. 3‑6 mm, keep 3 seconds stress‑holding interval between each cut. Repeat until minimum 50 mm bead length is peeled for that ageing condition.

ISO 23658 Bead Peel Test for Sealants Adhesion

Evaluation: Classify failure modes complying with ISO 10365. Record percentage of cohesive failure (CF), adhesive failure (AF). Document special defects: incomplete curing, bubbles in bond zone, primer‑layer failure, paint‑coating delamination, substrate corrosion etc. Round percentage figures to nearest 10 %.

Industrial Application Fields

ISO 23658:2020 applies across building and civil‑engineering sealant industries:

- Fast screening for sealant‑substrate compatibility, primer / cleaner formulation validation in R&D laboratories.

- In‑line process monitoring and quality‑assurance for sealant manufacturing production.

- Pre‑qualification assessment for facade, window, curtain‑wall, concrete‑joint sealants on varied construction substrates (glass, metal, stone, coated panels).

- Evaluate adhesion retention performance after water exposure and thermal ageing.

Related Test Standard:

ISO 11527	Buildings and civil engineering works. Sealants. Test method for the determination of stringiness
GB/T 30774	Test method to determine stringiness of sealants
ISO 23658	Buildings and civil engineering works — Sealants — Testing of adhesion properties using a bead peel test
ISO 10591	Building and civil engineering sealants – Determination of adhesion/cohesion properties of sealants after immersion in water
ISO 10590	Determination of tensile properties of sealants at maintained extension after immersion in water. While ISO 10591 stretches specimens until break after water immersion, ISO 10590 holds specimens at fixed extension during water exposure and inspects failure status, these two standards complement each other for water‑resistance assessment of construction sealants.
ISO 8339	tensile properties of sealants (extension under defined conditions)
ISO 8340	Tensile properties at constant temperature
ISO 9047	adhesion/cohesion under temperature cycling and movement capability
ASTM C719	adhesion/cohesion of elastomeric joint sealants under cyclic movement, sometimes with weathering

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

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