ISO 17555 BOPP films biaxial stretch testing methods

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ISO 17555 Plastics – Film and sheeting – Biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) films (BOPP)

ISO 17555 is the international standard governing packaging-grade BOPP film composed of no less than 95% polypropylene resin. This BOPP film can be used as a standalone single-layer packaging material or laminated with various other plastic substrates to create composite packaging structures.

The mandatory performance tests specified under ISO 17555 cover key packaging film quality indicators, including tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal dimensional change (thermal shrinkage rate), water vapour transmission coefficient, haze value, wetting tension and more core testing items.

Target Industry Application Fields of ISO 17555

This standard exclusively serves the flexible packaging industry, covering:

Food packaging (snacks, confectionery, frozen food, bakery, microwave packaging);

Printing & label films, cigarette packaging, adhesive tape substrates;

Book/magazine overwrap, textile lamination, cosmetic packaging;

Industrial protective film, electronic component surface covering;

Multi-layer composite laminates for barrier packaging.

ISO 17555 BOPP films biaxial stretch testing methods

Field	Which ISO 17555 tests matter most
Flexible food packaging (snack, biscuit overwrap, frozen, candy)	WVTR, haze, tensile, shrinkage, wetting tension
Laminates (BOPP/PE, BOPP/PET/Alu)	Shrinkage (registration), wetting tension (adhesion), tensile (handleability)
Label / IML	Wetting tension, haze, tensile
Cigarette / confectionery overwrap	Shrinkage, gloss, tensile
Adhesive tape base	Tensile, thickness
Pharma / medical pouch	WVTR, tensile, 5.4 food-contact clause (regional regs on top)

Full List of Tests Stipulated in ISO 17555

Test	Requirement	Standard
Tensile strength & strain at break	Tensile properties of plastic films & sheets, the primary mechanical property	ISO 527-3
Dimensional change on heating (thermal shrinkage)	Measure length shrinkage after high-temperature heating to evaluate thermal stability during post-processing (printing, lamination, heat sealing).	ISO 11501
Coefficient of water vapour transmission (WVTR coefficient)	Measure water vapour permeation quantity passing through film over fixed time, normalize data to uniform 100 μm thickness for cross-product comparison.	ISO 15106
Haze	Quantify diffuse light scattering through film to judge transparency and printing visual clarity.	ISO 14782
Wetting tension (surface tension value)	Wetting tension test for plastic films, use liquid tension meter or contact angle tester	ISO 8296
Gloss	Quantify specular light reflectance of film surface to evaluate printing aesthetic performance, Gloss measurement at 20°/60°/85°	ISO 2813

Other test like Appearance & optical tests, Dimensional measurement.

Complete Details Introduction of each Test Stipulated in ISO 17555 for BOPP films biaxial stretch

1, Tensile Strength & Tensile Strain at Break	It is the most critical mechanical test in ISO 17555 for evaluating BOPP stretch resistance, toughness and directional anisotropy
Test Principle	Uniaxial stretching simulates mechanical tension during BOPP high-speed slitting, printing, lamination and bag-making processes. BOPP is strongly anisotropic due to biaxial stretching manufacturing; MD and TD tensile performance differ drastically, so dual-direction testing is mandatory. Tensile strength reflects film resistance to breaking under pulling force; elongation reflects flexibility and stretch tolerance without fracture.
Specimen Information	Shape: Rectangular strip (standard per ISO 527-3, no dumbbell required for BOPP); Dimensions: Width 10–25 mm; total specimen length ≥150 mm; thickness ≤1 mm; Gauge length L₀ = (50 ±0.5) mm (marked on specimen centre); initial grip distance = (100 ±5) mm; Sampling rule: Cut 5 replicate specimens separately for Machine Direction (MD, extrusion stretch direction) and Transverse Direction (TD, cross extrusion stretch direction); discard specimens with edge burrs or micro-cracks.
Test Equipment	Biaxial (Cross) Stretch Tensile Testing Machine with variable stretching speed; Non-contact video extensometer (preferred, avoids thin film damage from contact extensometer); Pneumatic rubber-coated grips (prevent film slippage and edge crushing); Precision film cutter/die punch for uniform specimen cutting.
Test Procedure	Specimen preparation: Cut smooth burr-free strips in MD and TD; mark 50 mm central gauge length with non-damaging ink; measure average thickness of each specimen; Conditioning: Place all specimens in climate chamber for ≥4 hours; Tester setup: Calibrate tensile machine and video extensometer; set agreed stretching speed; adjust grip gap to 100±5 mm; Specimen mounting: Clamp film strip symmetrically into upper and lower grips, ensure no pre-tension or distortion; Run stretching test: Activate machine to pull specimen until complete fracture; record maximum breaking force and percentage elongation at break; Repeat for 5 replicates per direction; calculate arithmetic mean of tensile strength and strain for MD and TD separately as final test results.
Mandatory Stipulations	Tensile strength at break (both MD & TD): ≥100 MPa; Tensile strain (elongation) at break: MD ≤10.0%, TD ≤8.0%; Test speed: Mutually agreed between supplier and converter, three options: (100±10) mm/min, (200±20) mm/min, (300±30) mm/min;
2, Dimensional Change on Heating (Thermal Shrinkage Test)	Evaluates thermal mechanical stability of BOPP under high-temperature post-processing conditions, another key mechanical performance test.
Test Principle	BOPP film retains residual molecular orientation stress after biaxial stretching; high temperature triggers molecular chain relaxation, causing irreversible shrinkage. This test simulates real high-temperature processes: dry lamination, rotogravure printing, heat sealing, and retort food packaging production. Excessive shrinkage results in wrinkled, deformed finished packaging bags.
Specimen Information	Specimen size: 20 mm width × 150 mm length strips; Sampling rule: 5 replicates for MD, 5 replicates for TD; Marking: Draw two parallel gauge marks 100 mm apart in specimen centre, each mark 25 mm from specimen ends to avoid edge stress interference.
Test Equipment	Film Thermal Shrinkage Tester, Circulating hot air oven with precise temperature control, Size Change Measuring Tester; Ruler; Specimen hanging rack for vertical suspension inside oven.
Test Procedure	Cut MD/TD specimens, mark 100 mm central gauge length, pre-condition 4h under standard atmosphere; Adjust oven to target temperature (120°C or 130°C) and stabilize temperature; Suspend specimens vertically on rack without contact between individual strips; place rack into oven and hold for specified duration; Take rack out and cool all specimens for 30 minutes at room temperature away from heat sources; Measure post-cooling gauge length for each specimen, calculate shrinkage percentage via formula;
Mandatory Stipulations	Two alternative heating regimes Regime A: (120 ±3) °C, vertical suspension for 15 minutes; Regime B: (130 ±3) °C, vertical suspension for 5 minutes;
3, Coefficient of Water Vapour Transmission (WVTR Barrier Test)	Evaluate moisture barrier ability for food packaging shelf life control; not a mechanical test, auxiliary barrier property verification.
Specimen Information	Flat wrinkle-free BOPP film cut to match tester sample cell size.
Test Equipment	WVTR permeation tester supporting 7 detection methods (ISO 15106-1 ~ 15106-7: humidity sensor, infrared, electrolytic, gas chromatography, pressure sensor, APIMS, calcium corrosion).
Mandatory Stipulations	Test atmosphere: 40°C, 90% RH; normalized WVTR coefficient limit ≤2.0 g/100 μm/(m²·d).
4, Wetting Tension Test (Surface tension)	Predict ink and adhesive bonding performance for printing and lamination.
Specimen Information	Treated/untreated BOPP film surface
Test Equipment	Surface/interface tensiometer. Drawdown of test ink series (Dyne pens) on film surface; observe break-up within ~2 s.
Mandatory Stipulations	Treated film ≥36 mN/m; untreated film <35 mN/m
5, Haze Test	Measure diffuse light scattering to judge packaging transparency and print clarity.
Specimen Information	Transparent flat BOPP film
Test Equipment	Hazemeter (integrating sphere).
Mandatory Stipulations	Type 1 treated film ≤5.0% haze; Type 2 high-clarity film ≤4.0% haze
6, Gloss Examination	Quantify specular light reflection to judge surface smoothness and printing colour restoration effect.
Specimen Information	Flat transparent BOPP without wrinkles
Test Equipment	Multi-angle glossmeter (20°, 60°, 85° geometry)
Mandatory Stipulations	Gloss value serves as product aesthetic indicator for printing customers; no fixed pass/fail threshold, agreed by supplier and buyer.

Related Standard

ISO 17555	Plastics - Film and sheeting - Biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) films
ISO 15987	Plastics - Film and sheeting - Biaxially oriented polyamide (nylon) films
ISO 15988	Plastics - Film and sheeting - Biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films
ES 2041	Plastics – film and sheeting – biaxially oriented polypropylen (pp) films
ISO 13636	Plastics — Film and sheeting — Non-oriented poly (ethylene terephathalate) (PET) sheets
KS T 1042	Biaxially oriented polypropylene films for general use
JIS C 2330	Biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) films for capacitors
GBT 10003	Biaxially oriented polypropylene(BOPP) film for general use
Related Test Standard	ISO 527-3: Plastics – Tensile properties of films and sheets (core mechanical tensile test standard) ISO 4593: Mechanical scanning thickness measurement (dimensional mechanical test) ISO 2813: Multi-angle gloss measurement ISO 8296: Wetting tension test for plastic films ISO 14782: Haze measurement for transparent plastics ISO 15106-1 ~ ISO 15106-7: Seven alternative WVTR permeation test methods
Supplementary reference only standnard	ISO 291 (standard conditioning atmosphere), ISO 6383 tear resistance, ISO 7765 dart impact resistance, ISO 8295 friction coefficient, ISO 1183 plastic density test, ISO 11502 anti-blocking performance, ISO 2286-2 roll mass measurement.

ISO 17555, ISO 15987, used for uniaxial and biaxial stretching of non-metallic materials such as PET, PA, PP, PS, and EVA. The two axes can be independently closed-loop controlled, allowing for equal biaxial (1:1 synchronous stretching) or unequal biaxial (1:2, 2:1, or uniaxial) loading.

Transmission and Haze testing machine (General type) can easily realize ASTM D1003 non compensating method, ISO 13468 compensating method, full transmittance and haze testing. The open sample chamber can be tested vertically or horizontally to adapt to more tested samples.

Water vapor transmittance tester is a set of industrial, efficient and intelligent test system, which is suitable for the determination of water vapor transmittance of plastic film, composite film, medical, construction and other materials.

Professional film heat shrink tester is precision lab equipment engineered to evaluate thermal shrinkage characteristics and thermal dimensional stability of diverse raw materials, including plastic films. compliant with international testing standards ASTM D2732 and ISO 11501.

Pipe Size Change Measuring Tester/ Longitudinal Reversion Tester suitable to measure various kinds of plastic pipe or plastic materials size change after heating, or used to heat the test sample. It can be used as a heating oven as well.

Automatic interface tensiometer is an instrument that uses physical methods (such as the platinum ring method and platinum plate method) as an alternative to chemical analysis. It is mainly used to measure the surface and interfacial tension of liquids and is suitable for industries.

Q1: What material does ISO 17555:2021 cover? Is it applicable to all PP films?

A: This standard only applies to biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films with ≥95% polypropylene by mass, primarily for packaging (single-layer or multi-layer laminates)ISO. It excludes cast PP (CPP), unoriented PP, filled PP with >5% non-PP additives, and rigid PP sheets. It is not for injection-molded PP products.

Q2: What industry fields rely on ISO 17555 testing most?

A: Core industry: Flexible packaging manufacturing. Sub-sectors include food packaging, snack wrapping, cigarette packaging, label printing, adhesive tape substrates, cosmetic overwrap, and industrial protective film. Food-contact BOPP must pass ISO 17555 physical tests plus regional food safety regulations per Clause 5.4.

Q3: Is ISO 17555 a mandatory legal standard worldwide?

A: No, it is a voluntary international standard. However, most global packaging converters, brand owners and BOPP manufacturers specify ISO 17555 compliance in purchasing contracts as a unified quality benchmark. Many national standards (e.g., China GB/T 10003) adopt ISO 17555:2021 as the technical foundation for domestic inspection rules.

Q4: Why must tensile specimens be tested in both MD and TD? Can I test only one direction?

A: You cannot test only one direction. BOPP is manufactured by bidirectional stretching, creating vastly different molecular orientation in MD (extrusion direction) and TD (cross direction).

MD tensile strain limit ≤10.0%; TD ≤8.0% (standard mandatory threshold).

Ignoring dual-direction testing will miss critical defects: e.g., high MD elongation but weak TD tensile strength leads to cross-direction film rupture during lamination. The standard requires 5 replicate specimens per direction for valid average results.

Q5. What are the pass/fail limits for tensile?

	MD	TD
Tensile strength at break	≥ 100 MPa	≥ 100 MPa
Strain at break	≤ 270 %	≤ 150 %

Notice: strength is symmetric (biaxial draw targets that), but TD strains far less — TD yields earlier because tenter stretch is more aggressive.

Q6: What tensile test speeds are allowed by ISO 17555? Who decides the speed setting?

A: Three mutually agreed speed options: 100±10 mm/min, 200±20 mm/min, 300±30 mm/min. The buyer (converter/brand) and BOPP supplier negotiate and document the agreed speed in purchase contracts. No single fixed speed is mandated, as different conversion equipment uses different line tension speeds.

Q7: What happens if thermal shrinkage exceeds the standard limit (MD>10%, TD>8%)?

A: The BOPP batch fails ISO 17555 mechanical compliance. During downstream processing, excessive shrinkage causes:

Wrinkled printed films with misaligned graphics;

Curled roll edges that jam printing/lamination machines;

Uneven heat-seal layers that leak food contents;

Poor lamination adhesion with other barrier films (PET, PE, aluminum foil).

Q8: For food-contact BOPP, do ISO 17555 mechanical tests replace food safety compliance checks?

A: No. ISO 17555 only regulates physical/mechanical/optical properties. Food contact safety (migration, extractables) must follow separate regional regulatory standards (EU 10/2011, US FDA 21 CFR, GB 4806 series in China). Passing ISO 17555 mechanical tests is a prerequisite, not a substitute, for food safety certification.

Q9: Why ISO 17555:2021 & Its Mechanical Tests Are Critical for BOPP Material?

A: 9.1 Unified Global Mechanical Quality Benchmark for Cross-Border Trade

Before this standard, BOPP manufacturers in different regions adopted inconsistent tensile speed, shrinkage heating time and thickness sampling rules, leading to conflicting inspection results between suppliers, converters and brand owners. ISO 17555 standardizes all mechanical test parameters, eliminating trade disputes based on inconsistent testing protocols.

9.2 Mechanical Tests Predict Downstream Processing Compatibility (Core Value)

Tensile test significance:

BOPP undergoes continuous pulling force during unwinding, slitting, high-speed gravure printing and dry lamination. Sufficient tensile strength prevents film breakage and production downtime; controlled elongation avoids printed pattern stretching, colour misalignment and uneven laminate tension. The mandatory dual MD/TD testing addresses BOPP’s intrinsic anisotropy, a unique mechanical feature created by bidirectional stretching production.

Thermal shrinkage test significance:

Most packaging conversion processes operate at 100–140°C. Uncontrolled thermal shrinkage causes film wrinkling, curled edges, deformed finished bags and failed heat-seal layers. The two standardized heating regimes replicate real production thermal loads to guarantee dimensional stability under high temperature.

Multi-point thickness mechanical scanning significance:

Thickness unevenness creates localized weak points with reduced tensile strength and inconsistent shrinkage across the film web; uniform thickness ensures consistent mechanical performance over the full roll width.

9.3 Guarantee End-Use Product Durability & Shelf Presentation

Good balanced tensile mechanical performance improves packaging resistance to tearing during transportation, storage and consumer handling;

Low thermal shrinkage maintains transparent, flat appearance of printed food packaging, preserving product display aesthetics on retail shelves.

9.4 Standardized Mechanical QC for BOPP Production Factories

Manufacturers use tensile, shrinkage and thickness tests as daily offline quality control indicators to adjust biaxial stretching machine temperature, stretching ratio and winding tension during production, stabilizing mechanical performance batch-to-batch and reducing scrap rates.

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