ISO 283 Textile conveyor belts tensile and elongation test

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ISO 283 — Textile Conveyor Belts — Full Thickness Tensile Strength, Elongation at Break and Elongation at the Reference Load — Test Method

ISO 283 is the core tensile test standard for textile-reinforced conveyor belts. It specifies how to cut a full-thickness test piece from the belt and pull it in uniaxial tension until rupture, to determine the Full-thickness tensile strength, Elongation at break, Elongation at the reference force (load).

ISO 283 Textile conveyor belts tensile and elongation test

Test Principle

A test piece cut from the full thickness of the conveyor belt is mounted in a tensile testing machine and extended at a constant rate until the carcass ruptures (or destruction is clearly initiating). Force and elongation are recorded, and results are normalized per unit belt width rather than per cross-sectional area — because a conveyor belt is a composite (fabric plies + rubber covers), not a homogeneous material.

Test Specimen Information

Shapes & Types	Four permitted test piece A, B, C, D (full‑thickness, perpendicular edges); All types have reference lines drawn 100 mm apart (equidistant from the centre) across the longitudinal axis, perpendicular to it. ISO 283 Sample Type A
Selection & Position	Test pieces taken parallel (longitudinal) or at right angles (transverse) to the belt axis, ≥ 50 mm from the belt edge. No ply joint inside the test piece.
Gauge length	100mm. Draw the two reference lines 100 mm apart across the longitudinal axis, centered on the piece. Measure the width at centre (between reference lines) with a vernier reading to at least 0.1 mm.
Number of Test Pieces	3 pieces from the longitudinal direction (always).
Conditioning	Per ISO 18573 — use atmosphere A, B, or C, then test immediately after conditioning. ISO 18573 defines the standard temperature/RH regimes and conditioning durations for conveyor belts.

ISO 283 Textile conveyor belts Tesnile Test Equipment & Apparatus:

Tensile testing machine	CRE or CRT type, calibrated to Grade 1 per ISO 7500-1 (force-measuring system verification). Must extend the test piece at a constant uninterrupted speed of (100 ± 10) mm/min.
Elongation extensometer	An extensometer or equivalent device with measuring length ≥ 100 mm, accurate to within 0.1 mm or better. A device producing a graphical force–elongation trace throughout the test is preferred. The elongation is tracked between two reference lines 100 mm apart marked on the test piece.
Grips	Must prevent slippage. Grips with transverse serrations are recommended. Serrations bite into the cover/rubber to lock the full-thickness specimen.
Die cutter / power saw	For cutting test piece shapes. Dies with profiled walls are suitable. Critical rule: cut or sawn sides must be perpendicular to the test piece surfaces.

Key Test Parameter and stipulations:

Test speed: 100 ± 10 mm/min, constant, uninterrupted.

Initial grip distance:

Type A: 220 ± 10 mm

Type B/D: 415 ± 10 mm

Type C: 240 ± 10 mm

Preload: ≤0.5% nominal tensile strength

Reference force: = 10% of nominal tensile strength × specimen width. (e.g. 1 600 N/mm rated → ref = 160 N/mm × width).

Invalid result: Test piece breaks outside the reference lines, OR slips in the grips → discard that result, repeat on a fresh piece.

Stop criterion: Max force recorded, or first sign of carcass destruction apparent.

ISO 283 Tensile Test Procedure (Step-by-Step):

1, Condition test pieces per ISO 18573 (atmosphere A/B/C); test immediately after.

2, Measure width at centre (between ref lines) to 0.1 mm.

3, Mount test piece symmetrically in the grips so that:

1), Longitudinal axis of piece; 2), Centre-line of grips; 3), Line of action of pulling force are all coincident (no eccentric loading).

4, Set grip separation to the required dimension for your test piece type.

5, If using extensometer, please attach it on the reference lines.

6, Apply only a negligible preload (< 0.5% of nominal TS).

7, Start machine and set the speed at (100 ± 10) mm/min.

8, If longitudinal direction: record the increase in gauge length when the reference force is reached.

9, Continue to rupture (or first clear sign of carcass destruction).

Record:

Maximum force (N)

Gauge length at that force (→ elongation at break)

The Calculations
Tensile strength	Max force (N) / Specimen width (mm) → N/mm
Elongation at break (%)	100 × (L₂ − L₁) / L₁
Elongation at reference force (%)	100 × (L_R − L₁) / L₁
Report mean of 3 specimens

10, If break outside reference lines or slippage → discard, repeat with fresh piece.

Industry Fields / Applications

Mining (coal, copper, iron ore, aggregates): Belts routinely carry hundreds to thousands of kN total tension; tensile rating per ISO 283 is the design backbone for selecting belt class, sag ratio, and drive/drum sizing.

Bulk material handling (ports, terminals, cement plants, steel mills, power plants): Acceptance testing — incoming belt inspection before installation; warranty/claim documentation.

Belt manufacturing QC: Every belt shipment needs documented full-thickness tensile data; ISO 283 is the global common language for that number.

Engineering consultancies / EPCM: Specifying belt class (e.g. 500 N/mm, 1000 N/mm, 1600 N/mm, 2500 N/mm textile carcass ratings) and verifying delivered product complies.

R&D / compound development: Comparing carcass architectures (polyamide vs. polyester vs. aramid blends in textile-only belts).

Related Test Standard:

IS 17496	Textile conveyor belts — Full thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break and elongation at the reference load — Test method
GB/T 3690	Textile conveyor belts-Full thickness tensile strength, elongation at break and elongation at the reference load-Test method
NF T47-102	CONVEYOR BELTS. FULL THICKNESS TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION. SPECIFICATIONS AND METHOD OF TEST.
ISO 21183-1	Light conveyor belts - Part 1: Principal characteristics and applications
AS 1334.8	Methods of testing conveyor and elevator belting - Determination of resistance to tear propagation and resistance of carcass to tearing
ISO/TR 10357	Guidance on statistical interpretation / tensile test correlation for conveyor belts.
ASTM D6775	Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Webbing, Tape and Braided Material

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

Webbing test fixture used for tensile testing of the webbing, belt test sample, determine the webbing, belt tensile strength, elongation etc., Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying width and fibres often used in place of rope.

Q1: What does ISO 283 actually cover?

A: It’s the international method standard for tensile testing textile-carcass conveyor belts cut to full thickness:

Full-thickness tensile strength (primary: longitudinal; transverse optional if requested)

Elongation at break

Elongation at the reference force (load) = force equal to 1⁄10 × nominal tensile strength × belt width

It explicitly does NOT apply to light conveyor beltscovered by ISO 21183‑1.

Q2: Why does the belt industry care so much about this test?

A: Because a textile conveyor belt’s rated strength class (e.g. 630 N/mm, 1000 N/mm, 1600 N/mm) and its splice design are both rooted in full-thicknesstensile behavior.

The belt is a composite (rubber covers + fabric plies), so you can’t treat it like a steel bar and quote a simple MPa from cross-section area. ISO 283 normalizes by width → N/mm, which matches how the carcass actually carries load.

It’s the contractual/common-language number used by manufacturers, buyers, EPCMs, and inspectors to accept/reject shipments and set safety factors.

In failures/claims, retained samples tested per ISO 283 help separate under-spec material from overload/abuse/mis-splicing.

Q3: What would go wrong if you didn’t do it (or did it wrong)?

A: You risk specifying the wrong belt class, designing a splice that’s too short/weak, or accepting a belt that will tear at startup tension. Conversely, you might reject a perfectly good belt because someone tested it with the wrong geometry or slippage and got a low number.

Q4: Is this a grab test or a strip test?

A: It’s best described as a full-thickness strip pulled in uniaxial tension, but the specimens have enlarged/shaped grip ends (Types A–D) so the failure is forced into the gauge region and the belt doesn’t crush in the jaws.

The load is always reported as Force ÷ Width = N/mm, not MPa.

Q5: There are four “types”. What’s the difference?

A: Type A (Fig. 3): compact geometry; initial grip separation = (220 ± 10) mm

Type B (Fig. 4): longer body; grip separation = (415 ± 10) mm

Type C (Fig. 5): alternate profile; grip separation = (240 ± 10) mm

Type D (Fig. 6): special prep (saw cuts “across the warp” from each edge); limited to belts with tensile strength > 2000 N/mm; grip separation = (415 ± 10) mm.

Q6: Why does ISO 283 report strength as N/mm, not MPa?

A: Because the belt is a fabric-reinforced composite whose load path is the width-wide carcass, not a uniform bar with a simple cross-section. Expressing Force ÷ Width gives the design quantityused for:

belt class selection,

tension rating (steady running, startup, emergency stop),

splice length & step count.

Formula: Tensile strength = F_max (N) ÷ width (mm) → N/mm

Q7: When is a test result invalid?

A: The result is invalid and must be repeated if:

The specimen breaks outside the 100 mm gauge length

The specimen slips in the grips during testing.

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