Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry
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Standard
ISO
6892 specifies the method for tensile testing of metallic materials and
defines the mechanical properties which can be determined at room
temperature. Related standard ASTM E8 , JIS Z2241 Method of tensile
test for metallic materials.
ISO 527-1 covers the test procedures for determining tensile properties of plastics and plastic composites. Tensile properties of plastics that are determined through the practices of ISO 527-1 include tensile strength, tensile modulus and other properties related to stress strain characteristics of plastic materials.
ISO 527-2 specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of moulding and extrusion plastics, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1. The methods described in ISO 527-2 are selectively suitable for use with the following range of materials: rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, extrusion and cast materials, including compounds filled and reinforced by, for example, short fibres, small rods, plates or granules but excluding textile fibres (see ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5).
ISO 527-3 Plastics - TENSILE PROPERTIES - PART 3: FOR FILMS AND SHEETS
ISO 527-3 specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of plastic films and sheets with a thickness less than 1 mm, based on the general principles of ISO 527-1. Provides standardized procedures to measure critical mechanical parameters including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus for thin plastic materials. It is critically important because thin films behave very differently under stress compared to rigid plastics; they are more prone to tearing, slipping, and deformation. By standardizing the test conditions, this document ensures that material specifications, quality control, and research data are globally comparable and reliable. Specimen created following ISO 527-3 can be used to determine the tensile properties of thin plastic sheets and films including the tensile modulus of elasticity and the tensile energy to break (TEB).
ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5 are two key standards within the ISO 527 series for determining the tensile properties of fibre-reinforced plastic composites.
ISO 527-4 covers the general principles and tests for isotropic and orthotropic materials. ISO 527-5 provides specific procedures for testing unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites.
These standards are critically important because they provide a unified, reliable method to measure fundamental mechanical properties (like tensile strength, modulus, and strain) which are essential for material selection, quality control, structural design, and R&D in aerospace, automotive, wind energy, and sports equipment industries.
ASTM D638 determining the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics using dumbbell-shaped (dogbone) specimens tested under closely controlled conditions of conditioning, temperature, humidity, and crosshead speed. For measuring the tensile mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including thermoplastics, thermosets, molded plastics, and plastic composites.
ASTM D882: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
ASTM D882 designed to measure tensile mechanical properties including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, tensile energy to break and tensile modulus of elasticity of thin plastic films and sheeting with thickness below 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) It covers full testing workflows including specimen preparation, conditioning, equipment configuration, tension loading, data recording, mathematical calculation, and result reporting for flexible thin plastic substrates. The samples are cut in strips that minimally have to be eight times longer than wide. No dumbbell shape is cut for materials of that thickness. Cut samples need to be free of nicks and other cutting defects since they will have an important impact on the test results variation.
ISO 13636 specifies requirements anf test methods for non-oriented PET (APET) sheets — made from virgin, recycled, or combined PET, thickness < 2.0 mm. It explicitly excludes foamed sheets and shrinkable films (those are covered elsewhere, e.g. biaxially oriented PET in ISO 15988). The mandatory performance tests including Tensile stress at yield, Heat shrinkage, Oxygen transmission rate (OTR), haze value, Intrinsic viscosity (IV).
JIS Z1707 General rules of plastic films for food packaging
JIS Z1707 unifies universal technical requirements for single-layer and multi-layer plastic films (<250 μm thickness) directly contacting food for food packaging. Not include laminated films containing paper or metal foil as structural layers.The test stilupated in this standard is mainly include: Tensile test, Heat-seal strength, Puncture strength, Static / kinetic friction, Impact strength, Water vapor transmission rate, Oxygen transmission rate, Heat resistance, Wetting tension, Haze, Surface roughness, Anti-fog properties, Shrinkage etc.,
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