ASTM F1307 Packages Oxygen transmission rate test by coulometric sensor

Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry

Descriptions of the most prominent lSO standards within the materials testing industry

Standards including EN, DIN, JlS, and more

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Compression test assesses material resistance to compressive loads, measuring strength/deformation critical for quality validation. UnitedTest offers compression testing machines compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, providing tailored solutions for concrete, plastics, metals and industrial components.

Flexural & Bend tests evaluate material resistance to bending forces, measuring strength, stiffness and ductility for quality assurance. UnitedTest provides flexural testing machines (3-point/4-point bend) compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, offering tailored solutions for composites, plastics, metals and construction materials.

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Fatigue Test assesses material durability under cyclic loading, critical for predicting service life of industrial components. UnitedTest offers fatigue testing systems (axial/bending/torsion) compliant with ASTM E466/ISO 12106, providing tailored solutions for automotive, aerospace and manufacturing sectors.

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Pressure test evaluates material/component resistance to static/dynamic pressure, critical for sealing, strength and safety validation. UnitedTest offers pressure testing machines compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, covering burst, hold-pressure tests, and tailored solutions for industrial, automotive & medical sectors.

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ASTM F1307 Oxygen Transmission Rate Tester for Dry Packaging | UnitedTest

UnitedTest manufactures high-precision ASTM F1307 compliant oxygen transmission rate testers, specially designed for accurate oxygen barrier performance testing of finished dry packaging systems.

ASTM F1307 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor is the exclusive industry standard that adopts a reliable coulometric sensor testing principle for 3D finished packaging evaluation. Unlike film-only permeability tests, ASTM F1307 focuses on complete, three-dimensional packaging systems under dry internal conditions, instead of testing individual flat plastic film samples.

This standard accurately measures the overall package oxygen gas transmission rate (O₂GTR) of full packaging assemblies. It comprehensively evaluates total oxygen permeation occurring through package walls, heat seals, lidding films, caps, gaskets, and sealing seams as an entire integrated system, delivering true-to-life packaging barrier performance data.

Ideal for food packaging, pharmaceutical packaging, and industrial sealed package quality control, our ASTM F1307 test equipment provides repeatable O₂GTR results to verify finished package sealing integrity and barrier reliability.

Core Test Principle

The test shares the same coulometric electrochemical detection principle as ASTM D3985, but reverses the gas flow layout for 3D packages:

A finished package is sealed to test station fittings, creating two distinct gas environments:

Package interior: Continuously swept by dry nitrogen carrier gas (0–ppm oxygen target).

Package exterior: Exposed to either ambient air (20.8% oxygen partial pressure) or pure 100% oxygen test gas to create a higher oxygen concentration gradient.

Driven by oxygen partial pressure difference, ambient oxygen penetrates all package surfaces, seals and closures into the nitrogen flow inside the package.

Nitrogen carrier gas transports permeated oxygen to a coulometric sensor. Per Faraday’s Law, every oxygen molecule entering the sensor generates four electrons, producing a linear electrical current signal proportional to total oxygen ingress into the package.

The sensor has intrinsic 95–98% efficiency and acts as an absolute reference detector, though periodic system calibration with certified reference film is mandatory to compensate for sensor aging, leaks or contamination.

After the sensor voltage output stabilizes to a permanent steady-state plateau (Ee), the voltage difference between zero baseline (Eo) and steady-state signal is used to compute total package O₂GTR via standardized formula.

Key constraint: This standard applies only to packages intended for dry internal contents; humid package oxygen testing is not covered here.

ASTM F1307 Packages Oxygen transmission rate test by coulometric sensor

Supported Package Types

All dry-use 3D packaging formats are permitted:

Flexible heat-sealed pouches, sachets, foil-laminated bags.

Rigid plastic bottles, tubs, thermoformed trays with lidding films.

Composite tubes, plastic-coated rigid containers, capped jars.

Complete packaging systems (container + lidding/closure/seal assembly, not just separate film components).

For ultra-high-barrier packages, use an oxygen-filled overwrap bag around the package exterior to boost oxygen partial pressure gradient (4.8× higher flux than ambient air, 100% O₂ vs 20.8% atmospheric O₂).

For poor-barrier packages (max measurable O₂GTR ≈2 cc/(PKG·d) under ambient air), use diluted low-oxygen test gas to avoid coulometric sensor saturation.

Required Test Equipment of ASTM F1307 Packages Oxygen transmission rate test

Core Apparatus

Recommend UnitedTest Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) Tester;

Multi-station package test manifold with pneumatic gas inlet/outlet fittings, brass/nylon ferrules (single-use only) for airtight package connection, and valve switching manifold to cycle individual packages to the shared coulometric sensor.

Custom mounting fixtures for different package geometries:

Rigid bottle/tub/cup overwrap assemblies (plastic oxygen-filled overbags with low-flow vent to avoid pressurization).

Calibration diffusion cell (two-piece metal cell with neoprene O-ring sealing, circular defined test area: standard 30 cm² or 100 cm², built-in temperature monitoring well) for reference film calibration.

Thermostatic control components for calibration cell; constant-temperature draft-free lab environment required for package testing (no built-in cell temperature control for full packages).

Detection & Data Recording System

Coulometric oxygen sensor (core electrochemical detector).

Load resistor (RL) converting sensor current into measurable voltage signals.

Voltage recording device: strip-chart potentiometric recorder, data logger or computerized instrument, with minimum 0.10 mV detection limit, ≥10 μV resolution, full-scale 50 mV measurement range.

Gas & Catalyst Hardware

Catalyst bed (3–5 g platinum/palladium on alumina) to eliminate residual oxygen in nitrogen carrier gas.

Flowmeters (5–100 mL/min range) to monitor nitrogen purge and test gas flow rates.

Flow switching valves to toggle carrier gas, oxygen test gas and sensor bypass modes.

Gas supplies: Dry forming gas (nitrogen + 0.5–3.0 vol% hydrogen carrier gas, ≤100 ppm O₂), dry ≥99.5% pure oxygen test gas.

ASTM F1307 Packages Oxygen transmission rate test by coulometric sensor

Standard Test Parameters:

Parameter	Mandatory Requirements
Exterior Oxygen Source	Option 1: Ambient lab air (20.8% O₂); Option 2: Dry 100% pure oxygen test gas
Nitrogen Carrier Purge Flow	Initial purge: 50–60 mL/min; steady test flow: 5–15 mL/min; standby flow <5 mL/min
Purge Duration (package volume dependent)	<100 mL: 30 min; 100–200 mL: 1 h; 200–500 mL: 2 h; 500–1000 mL: ≥3 h
Stabilization Judgment	Sensor signal flat, no upward/downward drift for extended periods; high-barrier packages may take days to reach equilibrium; Recheck after minimum 6 h bypass hold to confirm steady state
Interference Control	Minimize CO₂, chlorine and strong oxidants in gas streams to prevent sensor electrolyte damage

Full Standard Test Procedure of ASTM F1307 Packages Oxygen transmission rate test by coulometric sensor

Step 1: Apparatus Pre-Drying & Preparation: If prior tests ran moist, overnight dry‑purge (sensor bypassed); remove water from bubblers.

Step 2: System Calibration with Reference Film.

Step 3: Package Mounting & Sealing

Bypass the sensor to avoid oxygen overload before connecting test packages.

Cut minimal openings on pouches/bottles, attach gas inlet/outlet tubes with ferrules, seal all cut edges with epoxy or hot-melt adhesive.

For high-barrier samples, fit an oxygen-filled overwrap bag around the package exterior with a small vent to prevent pressurization; cap the oxygen fitting if testing under ambient air (20.8% O₂).

Step 4: Package Interior Purge

Start nitrogen carrier gas at 50–60 mL/min, purge the package interior for a duration matched to package volume (30 min to ≥3 h).

Reduce flow to steady test rate of 5–15 mL/min and hold for an additional 30 min, sensor remains bypassed.

Step 5: Capture Steady-State Package Signal (Ee)

Divert nitrogen carrier gas to the coulometric sensor; monitor recorder output continuously.

Sensor signal will rise and gradually plateau as oxygen permeation reaches equilibrium. Bypass the sensor between brief reading checks to avoid overloading.

Confirm true steady state: bypass sensor for minimum 6 h, reactivate sensor and verify voltage returns to identical plateau value; record stable Ee.

Step 6: Measure Zero Baseline (Eo)

Bypass sensor, remove test package and install impermeable stainless steel blank loop between fittings.

Purge blank loop for 10–15 min, activate sensor and hold 30 min until voltage drops to constant low zero level; record Eo.

Step 7: Standby / Shutdown

Stop oxygen test gas supply, switch exterior chamber to nitrogen purge, lower carrier flow to <5 mL/min for standby.

For long idle periods, power down instrument fully after maintaining slow nitrogen purge for 1–2 hours to protect sensor.

Step 8: Calculation & Report Compilation: Compute O₂GTR, permeance (optional), permeability coefficient (only homogeneous single-wall containers) and compile all mandatory test metadata into a formal test report.

Related Test Standard:

ISO 15105-1	Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of gas-transmission rate - Part 1: Differential-pressure methods
ISO 15105-2	Part 2 – Equal-pressure method. adopting carrier gas equal-pressure principle instead of differential vacuum; complementary testing route for gas permeability measurement.
ASTM D3985	Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor
ASTM F1307	Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor
ASTM F1927	Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate, Permeability and Permeance at Controlled Relative Humidity Through Barrier Materials Using a Coulometric Detector
JIS K 7126-2	Plastics -- Film and sheeting -- Determination of gas-transmission rate -- Part 2: Equal-pressure method
DIN 53380-3	Testing of plastics - Determination of gas transmission rate - Part 3: Oxygen-specific carrier gas method for testing of plastic films and plastics mouldings
ASTM F2622	Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using Various Sensors
GB/T 1038.2	Plastics—Film and sheeting—Determination of gas-transmission rate—Part 2:Equal-pressure methods
GB/T 19789	Packaging material—Test method for oxygen gas permeability characteristics of plastic film and sheeting—Coulometric sensor

Keywords: UnitedTest ASTM F1307 tester, ASTM F1307 oxygen transmission rate tester, dry package O₂GTR test machine, coulometric sensor packaging barrier tester, ASTM F1307 3D finished dry packaging oxygen permeability test, full package oxygen transmission rate testing machine, heat seal and seam barrier performance tester for sealed packages, coulometric O₂GTR analyzer for complete packaging systems, dry condition packaging oxygen barrier quality test equipment

Adopts advanced electrochemical coulometric detection method for accurate, time-efficient oxygen transmission rate analysis for medium and high barrier packaging materials. Conform with ISO 15105-2, ASTM D3985. Key testing indicators Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR), oxygen volume passing through.

Gas Permeability Tester is a multi-functional lab instrument dedicated to gas barrier performance testing, gas transmission rate (GTR). Conform to ISO 15105-1, ISO 2556, ASTM D1434, Widely adopted as standard QC testing equipment for flexible packaging, plastic manufacturing and new energy sectors.

Q1. What is ASTM F1307 in one sentence?

A1: It's the package‑level version of D3985 — same coulometric sensor and Faraday‑law principle, but the "specimen" is a finished dry package (bottle, cup/tub, pouch) rather than a sheet of film with a known area.

Q2: Why is ASTM F1307 testing critical for packaging manufacturers and brand owners?

A2: Measures real total package leakage: Unlike film-only ASTM D3985 testing that only evaluates raw material barrier, F1307 captures oxygen ingress through weak points like heat-seal edges, cap gaskets, folded seams, and lidding-container junctions—the main failure sources of commercial packaging.

Accurate shelf-life prediction for dry products: Oxygen oxidizes dry food, pharmaceuticals, electronics and nutraceuticals, causing rancidity, API degradation, flavor loss and component oxidation. Standardized whole-package (O₂GTR) data enables precise shelf-life modeling.

Validates sealing and assembly processes: Identifies invisible seal defects that visual inspection cannot detect, allowing optimization of heat-seal temperature, pressure, dwell time, adhesives and closure designs.

Commercial arbitration tool: The standard has verified interlaboratory repeatability and reproducibility data, so contract parties can use F1307 results as binding acceptance criteria for quality disputes.

Regulatory compliance support: Food, pharmaceutical and medical packaging regulators accept F1307 data to prove adequate oxygen protection for dry packaged sensitive products.

Cost and material optimization: Enables side-by-side comparison of different package formats to balance raw material cost and shelf-life requirements, avoiding overpriced high-barrier packaging or under-protected low-performance containers.

Troubleshoots field packaging failures: Resolves gaps between theoretical film OTR (D3985) and actual finished package performance, isolating whether oxygen leakage stems from raw film or manufacturing assembly defects.

Q3: Does the coulometric sensor require regular calibration?

A3: The coulometric sensor itself is nearly an absolute measurement standard with fixed 95–98% efficiency and does not require frequent recalibration of its internal response. However, system calibration is mandatory at regular intervals for these reasons:

Sensor electrolyte can dry out during long dry gas purging, raising calibration constant Q.

Minor system leaks, gas contamination, or catalyst degradation will distort readings.

Calibration uses a certified reference film sealed inside the diffusion cell to calculate the system constant Q; repeat testing with multiple reference film sheets to confirm consistent Q within acceptable confidence limits. Never adjust Q based on a single reference film measurement due to material lot variability.

Q4: What types of packages can be tested under ASTM F1307?

A4: All complete, dry-use 3D packaging assemblies, including:

Flexible formats: Heat-sealed pouches, foil-laminated sachets, multi-layer snack bags, blister lidding + tray combinations.

Rigid formats: Plastic bottles, capped jars, thermoformed cups/tubs, powder drug containers, composite tubes.

All specimens must be full finished packaging systems (container + lidding/cap/seal), not isolated film cutouts.

Q5: Can I test only a cut piece of pouch film under F1307 instead of a full pouch?

A5: No. F1307’s scope exclusively covers complete assembled packages with all seals, closures and structural edges. Flat film cutouts must be tested per ASTM D3985. F1307’s calibration step uses a flat film diffusion cell only for system calibration, not for sample testing.

Q6: What are the mandatory nitrogen purge time rules based on package volume?

A6: Initial high-flow purge (50–60 mL/min) duration is strictly defined by package internal volume:

Volume <100 mL: 30 minutes

100 mL – 200 mL: 1 hour

200 mL – 500 mL: 2 hours

500 mL – 1000 mL: Minimum 3 hours

After initial purge, reduce flow to steady test rate of 5–15 mL/min and hold for an additional 30 minutes with the sensor bypassed before measuring zero baseline.

Q7: How long does an F1307 test take to reach true steady-state equilibrium?

A7: Equilibrium time varies drastically based on package barrier level:

Poor barrier packages (PE, PS bottles): Several hours to stabilize.

Medium barrier laminated pouches: 6–24 hours.

Ultra-high barrier foil/EVOH packaging: Multiple days or even over a week to achieve full diffusion equilibrium.

The standard requires a validation check for steady state: bypass the sensor for at least 6 hours, reactivate the sensor, and confirm the voltage returns to the identical plateau value recorded earlier to rule out incomplete equilibrium.

Q8: Why must nitrogen carrier gas keep flowing continuously even during instrument standby?

A8: Continuous low nitrogen flow (<5 mL/min for standby) prevents atmospheric air back-diffusion into the manifold, test stations and sensor. Ambient oxygen ingress will deplete the sensor’s potassium hydroxide electrolyte, shorten sensor service life, and create falsely elevated zero baseline (Eo) readings for subsequent tests.

Q9: What causes unstable drifting zero baseline (Eo) values during testing?

A9: Four primary root causes:

Undetected leaks in tubing, ferrules, or package mounting adhesive seals allowing ambient oxygen to enter the carrier gas stream.

Residual moisture or volatile organic outgassing from previous test packages contaminating the gas lines and catalyst bed.

Degraded coulometric sensor electrolyte from long-term dry gas exposure or overexposure to CO₂/oxidizing vapors.

Worn single-use ferrules reused multiple times, losing airtight sealing performance.

Mitigation: Purge the full instrument overnight with dry nitrogen, test the stainless steel impermeable blank loop to isolate system leaks, and replace aged sensors or disposable ferrules.

Q10: What is the core difference between ASTM F1307 and ASTM D3985?

Item	ASTM D3985	ASTM F1307
Test Sample	Flat, standalone plastic film/sheet laminates	Complete 3D finished dry packaging systems (pouches, bottles, trays with seals/caps)
Measurement Output	Film OTR (cc/(2⋅2PG⋅<span mathnormal">d))
Gas Layout	Oxygen outside film, nitrogen inside opposite chamber	Nitrogen inside the hollow package, oxygen outside the package exterior
Key Measured Factor	Only intrinsic wall material barrier performance	Total oxygen ingress through walls, seals, seams and closures (real-world package performance)
Humidity Scope	Dry film testing (RH<1%)	Packages intended for dry internal contents; no controlled RH testing capability
Usage Link	Used as calibration reference film inside F1307’s diffusion cell	Relies on D3985 reference films for system calibration

Q11: Which industries rely heavily on ASTM F1307 testing?

A11: Dry food packaging: Snack pouches, nut bags, cereal tubs, dried meat sachets, powdered beverage containers.

Pharmaceutical & nutraceutical packaging: Dry pill bottles, vitamin jars, powder drug blister packs, diagnostic test kits with dry internal formulations.

Electronics & lithium battery manufacturing: Sealed desiccated component bags, lithium cell packaging trays, semiconductor protective packaging.

Dry cosmetic goods: Powder makeup compacts, dry skincare powder jars, fragrance powder sealed containers.

Packaging R&D, quality control, third-party testing labs, and supplier-buyer quality arbitration.

Q12: What are the key limitations of relying solely on F1307 O₂GTR data to predict real product shelf life?

A12:The test runs under dry internal conditions only; it cannot simulate high-humidity storage environments that drastically increase oxygen permeability of moisture-sensitive polymers (EVOH, nylon).

O₂GTR only measures oxygen ingress; it does not account for other degradation factors like light exposure, temperature fluctuations, microbial contamination, or seal failure during transportation.

Oxygen transmission rate changes exponentially with temperature (3–9% per °C for most plastics); lab ambient test results cannot be directly extrapolated to refrigerated or high-temperature storage without mathematical temperature correction models.

F1307 tests new, undamaged packages; it does not replicate real-world shipping stress (shock, vibration, folding) that may create micro-leaks in seals or package walls over time.

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