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Home >> Application >> By Standard >> ASTM >> ASTM D >> ASTM D3354 Blocking load test for plastic film

ASTM D3354 Blocking load test for plastic film

ASTM D3354 Standard | Parallel Plate Blocking Strength Test Machine for Plastic Film | UnitedTest

UnitedTest produces fully ASTM D3354-compliant parallel plate blocking testers for plastic film manufacturers, packaging R&D labs and material QC departments globally.

ASTM D3354 Standard Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method adopts the parallel plate testing principle to quantitatively test blocking load. Blocking means undesired self-adhesion between stacked plastic film layers when air is squeezed out during winding, storage or processing, which becomes more severe under heat and compression.

This standard measures adhesion force on a fixed 100 cm² contact area with results recorded in grams, featuring a maximum measurable load of 200g. Note the test only evaluates current blocking adhesion strength instead of long-term blocking susceptibility of film materials. Our parallel plate blocking tester meets all specimen placement, pressure control and reading specifications of ASTM D3354 for reliable packaging film anti-block performance inspection.

Test Principle

Two adhered film layers are clamped separately onto a pair of square parallel aluminum plates (100 mm × 100 mm, 100 cm² contact surface). The two plates are pulled apart under controlled loading or separation speed until the film layers fully delaminate or reach a 1.9cm separation distance. The peak force required to overcome inter-film adhesion is recorded as blocking load (g). The setup mimics real-world film unwinding operations in converting, packaging and end-use scenarios.

Two Specific Official Test Methods (Procedure A & B)

Procedure A: Constant-Rate-of-Load Device Method

Applies load at a steady 90 g/min rate to pull the plates apart until film separation occurs. The instrument automatically stops and captures the maximum separation load, with tare weight subtracted to eliminate fixture friction bias.

Procedure B: Constant-Rate-of-Separation Device Method

Uses universal tensile testing machines with fixed crosshead separation speed of 5.1 mm/min (±5%). The machine continuously records tensile force during peeling, and the peak load value is taken as blocking load.

Test Specimen Specifications

Specimen dimension: 100 mm (width) × 180 mm (length), long side aligned with film machine direction (MD).

Sampling rule: Cut samples from multiple positions across film roll width to account for uneven thickness and blocking variation.

Roll sampling requirement: Extract specimens at least 25 mm below the roll outer surface to avoid surface damage.

Sample quantity: 5 identical unseparated double-layer film specimens per test group.

Required Test Equipment of ASTM D3354 Blocking load test for plastic film:

Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Constant-Rate-of-Separation and Constant-Rate-of-Load type;

Drive system maintaining 5.1 mm/min separation speed (±5% tolerance under full load)

Load indicator with precision: minimum resolution of 5 g or 1% of measured force (whichever larger);

Fixed stationary member with one aluminum block adapter;

Movable crosshead carrying the second aluminum block.

Parallel Plates

Square blocks: 100 ± 0.1 mm per side.

Flat, slightly knurled or sand-blasted finish.

Aluminum, with rigid adapters for mounting.

Means to prevent sliding during loading.

ASTM D3354 Blocking load test for plastic film

Auxiliary Accessories

100 × 180 mm cutting template/die, double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, film thickness measuring tool, positioning clamping fixture.

Mandatory Test Parameters & Stipulations:

Critical Test Speed Parameters

Procedure A loading rate: 90 g/min (±1 g/min)

Procedure B crosshead separation speed: 5.1 mm/min (±5% deviation)

Termination trigger: Stop test when films separate completely OR plates separate by 1.9 cm

Reporting Calculation Rule: Final blocking load = average peak load of 5 valid specimens (subtract tare weight from raw digital readings for Procedure A).

Step by step Test Procedure of ASTM D3354 Blocking load test for plastic film

Procedure A (Constant-Rate-of-Load)

Apply double-sided tape or holding magnets on plate contact edges; run 3 blank fixture tests to calculate average tare friction value.

Insert unseparated double-layer film between plates, leave ~38 mm film overhang on both sides, align plates without lateral sliding.

Clamp plates with positioning fixture; peel apart overhanging film edges, tape top film to upper plate and bottom film to lower plate.

Release positioning clamp, start instrument; auto-stop triggers at separation or 19 mm travel.

Subtract tare weight from peak load reading, record value and film thickness.

Repeat full process on 5 separate specimens.

Procedure B (Constant-Rate-of-Separation UTM)

Calibrate UTM crosshead speed to 5.1 mm/min within 5% tolerance.

Place double-layer film symmetrically on lower aluminum block with equal overhang on two ends.

Lower crosshead until upper block rests flat on film specimen.

Use blade to separate film overhang edges, peel back to plate edges, tape upper film to top block and lower film to bottom block (tape wraps plate corners for secure fixation).

Start crosshead movement; machine records real-time peeling force curve.

Record maximum load value, measure two-layer film thickness.

Complete 5 replicate tests with new specimens each time.

Industrial Application Fields

This test applies to all flexible plastic film products prone to interlayer blocking:

Flexible packaging industry: PE, PP, PET, BOPP food wrapping films, laminates, stretch wrap, shrink film

Printing & converting: Printing base films, coated plastic films, metallic composite foils

Agricultural films: Greenhouse mulch film, crop covering roll films

Medical plastic films: Disposable packaging and barrier films

Optical & industrial thin films: Protective release films, roll stock plastic sheets

It is widely used for incoming raw material inspection, finished product quality control, anti-blocking additive formulation development, and batch performance comparison between film suppliers.

Related Test Standard:

ASTM D3354	Standard Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method
ISO 11502	Plastics - Film and lamination - Determination of blocking resistance
GB/T 39935	Plastics—Film and sheeting—Determination of blocking resistance

Keywords: UnitedTest ASTM D3354 blocking load tester, ASTM D3354 parallel plate plastic film blocking test machine, stacked film self-adhesion measuring equipment, 100 cm² contact area plastic film blocking load test, max 200g parallel plate blocking strength analyzer, heat compression induced film blocking inspection bench, ASTM D3354 test, tensile test for plastic film Blocking load test

Related products and device

ASTM D3354 UTM of Blocking load test for plastic film

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

ASTM D3354 Blocking load test fixture for plastic film

UnitedTest nickel-plated two-square-platen bonding strength test fixture adopts separated upper and lower flat platens, applying uniform tensile/shear load to test adhesive bonding performance. Complete standard specifications, customizable platen sizes, meets ASTM, ISO standard.

Film tensile fixture

Thin Plastic Film Tensile Testing Fixture is specially designed for tensile strength testing of flexible and soft plastic film specimens. Fully compliant with the ASTM D882 standard for thin film tensile testing, the fixture features premium rubber-coated jaws.

Related Standard

ISO 6383-2 Plastic film Elmendorf tear test –

ISO 6383-2 Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of tear resistance — Part 2: Elmendorf method

ISO 6383-2 specifies the Elmendorf pendulum method to measure the force required to propagate an existing pre-cut slit across thin flexible plastic film and sheeting under standardized loading conditions.

ASTM D1204 Plastic Films Dimensional stability testing at high temperature –

ASTM D1204 Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature

ASTM D1204 is method to measure linear dimensional change (shrinkage or expansion) of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting/film when exposed to a specified elevated temperature and time in air. Applies to nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting/film made by calender or extrusion processes, the heating medium is air (mechanical convection oven) — this points is the fundamental difference from ASTM D2732 (liquid bath).

ISO 527-3 Tensile Test on Plastic Film –

ISO 527-3 Plastics - TENSILE PROPERTIES - PART 3: FOR FILMS AND SHEETS

ISO 527-3 specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of plastic films and sheets with a thickness less than 1 mm, based on the general principles of ISO 527-1. Provides standardized procedures to measure critical mechanical parameters including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus for thin plastic materials. It is critically important because thin films behave very differently under stress compared to rigid plastics; they are more prone to tearing, slipping, and deformation. By standardizing the test conditions, this document ensures that material specifications, quality control, and research data are globally comparable and reliable. Specimen created following ISO 527-3 can be used to determine the tensile properties of thin plastic sheets and films including the tensile modulus of elasticity and the tensile energy to break (TEB).

ISO 304 Surface tension test by drawing up liquid films, surface active agents –

ISO 304:1985 Surface active agents — Determination of surface tension by drawing up liquid films

The maximum force is measured which is necessary to act vertically on a stirrup or a ring, in contact with the surface of the liquid being examined placed in a measuring cup, in order to separate it from this surface, or on a plate with an edge in contact with the surface, in order to draw up the film that has formed. The surface tension of pure liquids or other solutions can also be measured by this method.

ASTM D1922 Elmendorf Tear Test for plastic films and thin sheeting tear resistance –

ASTM D1922: Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method.

ASTM D1922 defines a laboratory method to measure the average force required to propagate (continue) a tear through a plastic film or non-rigid thin sheeting, after the tear has already been started. The test uses an Elmendorf-type pendulum tearing tester. It is applicable to plastic film (arbitrarily defined as sheeting ≤ 0.25 mm / 0.010 in.) and thin non-rigid sheeting, and is equivalent to ISO 6383-2.

ASTM D1004 Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting –

ASTM D1004: Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting

ASTM D1004 is a test method that determines the tear strength of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates of loading using a constant-rate-of crosshead-movement type tensile testing machine. Tearing is produced in a small area of stress concentration of the plastic film or sheeting specimen at controlled speeds below the rate encountered in real world applications in order to produce the most reliable data, which can be used to compare and analyze the tear resistance. Actual use of performance in tearing of certain plastics may not necessarily corralate with the data acquired from this test method. The specimen geometry of this test method produces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually found near the onset of tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in newtons (or pounds-force). The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing or where maximum extension is greater than 101.6 mm (4 in.).

FAQs for ASTM D3354 Blocking Load Test of Plastic Film (Parallel Plate Method)

Q1: What is “blocking” as defined in ASTM D3354, and what does blocking load represent?

A: Blocking means unwanted self-adhesion between two stacked plastic film layers when air is squeezed out during rolling, storage or processing. Blocking load is the peak force (in grams) required to separate a 100 cm² contact area of stuck film layers under standardized test conditions. Higher gram values mean stronger interlayer sticking and worse blocking performance.

Q2: Why is ASTM D3354 blocking test important for plastic film manufacturers and end users?

A: Blocking causes severe production issues: film jams, tearing, wrinkling and downtime during unwinding on printing, lamination and packaging machines.

It provides objective numerical data instead of subjective visual judgment to grade anti-blocking performance.

Supports formulation development: to screen slip agents, anti-block masterbatches and surface treatments to reduce film adhesion.

Creates uniform quality acceptance standards between film suppliers and converters to avoid commercial disputes.

Simulates real storage conditions (pressure + close surface contact) to predict blocking risk in finished roll stock.

Q3: What two distinct test methods are specified in ASTM D3354-21, and how do they differ?

A: Two parallel plate procedures are allowed:

Procedure A (Constant-Rate-of-Load Device): Applies load at a fixed 90 g/min ramp rate; equipment automatically stops at separation or 19 mm plate travel. Tare friction value must be subtracted from raw force readings.

Procedure B (Constant-Rate-of-Separation Universal Tester): Moves the crosshead at a constant 5.1 mm/min separation speed; records real-time peeling force curve and takes the maximum load as blocking load.

They use different loading control logic but share identical fixture size, specimen geometry and conditioning rules.

Q4: What is the key difference between ASTM D3354 and ISO 11502 Method B? Can test results be directly compared?

A: ASTM D3354 states the test is similar to ISO 11502 Method B but not technically equivalent. Differences include fixture dimensions, loading speeds, termination criteria and calculation rules. Test data from the two standards cannot be directly interchanged or cross-referenced for quality acceptance.

Q5: Why must we avoid sliding the two aluminum blocks sideways when clamping the film sample?

A: Lateral sliding can artificially break the natural blocking adhesion between film layers before testing starts, leading to falsely low blocking load readings and invalid test results.

Q6: What size and quantity of film specimens are required for one complete test group?

A: Specimen dimensions: 100 mm (width) × 180 mm (length), long side aligned with the film machine direction (MD).

Required replicates: 5 separate unseparated double-layer specimens per sample.

Sampling rule: Take samples from multiple positions across the film roll width; extract specimens at least 25 mm below the roll outer surface to avoid damaged surface film.

Q7: What are the size and surface requirements for the parallel aluminum test blocks?

A: Each block is a square aluminum piece with edge length 100 ± 0.1 mm (total contact area 100 cm²). The flat surface must have a slightly knurled or sandblasted finish with RMS roughness of 125. Anti-slip design is mandatory to prevent lateral sliding of blocks during loading.

Q8: What is “tare value” in Procedure A, and how is it used?

A: Tare value is the average friction force of the empty fixture (3 blank test runs without film). The tare weight is subtracted from the instrument’s maximum digital reading to eliminate fixture friction interference and get the true blocking load of the film.

Q9: What is the maximum measurable blocking load limit of this standard method?

A: The test method is limited to a maximum test load of 200 grams. Films with blocking adhesion exceeding this range cannot be fully quantified under this standard.

Q10: Does ASTM D3354 measure a film’s susceptibility to develop blocking over time?

A: No. The standard only quantifies the existing blocking adhesion between pre-stuck film layers at the time of testing. It cannot predict how easily a fresh film will develop blocking during long-term storage or aging.

Q11: Why do we need to measure and record the thickness of upper and lower film layers for each specimen?

A: Film thickness directly affects contact pressure, surface contact area and blocking tendency. Recording thickness supports traceability, helps explain variations in blocking load between replicates, and is mandatory information for formal test reports.

Q12: Does this test measure if a film mightblock, or if it isalready blocked?

A: ASTM D3354 measures the degree of blocking currently present. It does not measure "susceptibility" (the potential to block under future conditions). You must test a specimen that has been cut while still stuck together to get an accurate reading.

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