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Charpy impact test verification specimens, impact test reference samples

Charpy impact test verification specimens

tensile/ impact/ torsion test sample

Charpy impact test verification specimens,  (also called impact reference specimens, impact standard specimens) are physical standards with stable, uniform, and certified impact energy values determined by authoritative organizations. They are mainly used to check and verify the accuracy of impact testing machines, rather than directly testing the performance of regular materials. 

General introduction

Charpy impact test verification specimens,  (also called impact reference specimens, impact standard specimens) are physical standards with stable, uniform, and certified impact energy values determined by authoritative organizations. They are mainly used to check and verify the accuracy of impact testing machines, rather than directly testing the performance of regular materials. 


Core Definition and Uses:

• Essence: It is a certified reference material (CRM) and is considered a 'physical standard.' Its reference impact energy value is rigorously validated and comes with a certificate.

• Main Purpose: It serves as an indirect verification tool. By comparing the impact energy measured by the testing machine with the standard value on the specimen's certificate, you can determine if the machine is accurate (errors usually need to be within 1%).

• Difference: Unlike ordinary 'impact specimens' (made from the material to be tested), impact reference specimens are made of special materials with stable properties, cannot be used up casually, and must be periodically traced back to their standard values. 


Impact reference blocks  R2 R8  

10mm x 20mm x 100mm  

Steel block, with a 10mm deep V-shaped groove with a 30° angle, R values of 2mm and 8mm respectively, milled in the middle of the 100mm length;  

Inspection item: Apply force to the pendulum impact point: choose the V-groove R2 thrust block for a blade with R2 impact curvature; choose the V-groove R8 thrust block for a blade with R8 impact curvature.  


Standard V-notch impact specimen  

Size: 55mm x 10mm x 10mm  

The standard energy value of the standard impact specimen should fall within the following ranges:  

Low energy (L) level: standard energy value < 30J  

Medium energy (M) level: 30J ≤ standard energy value < 110J  

High energy (H) level: 110J ≤ standard energy value < 220J  

Ultra-high energy (UH) level: standard energy value > 220J  


Standard impact specimen  

Energy < 40J, standard deviation ≤ 2J  

Energy ≥ 40J, standard deviation ≤ 5%  

Inspection item: impact energy


Charpy impact test verification specimensCharpy impact test verification specimens


Key Features

  • Common Types and Characteristics
  • Standard reference

Notch Types: Mainly divided into Charpy V-notch and Charpy U-notch. The V-notch is more widely used because it is more sensitive to material brittleness.

Material Requirements: Usually made of highly pure, uniformly structured alloy steels (like 40CrNiMo, 4340 steel, etc.) and undergo special heat treatment to ensure consistency between batches.

Specifications and Dimensions: Follow international standards (such as ISO 148, ASTM E23), with typical dimensions of 10mm×10mm×55mm. The notch depth and angle have strict tolerance requirements.

ISO 148-1:2016

Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method

ASTM E23-25

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

ISO 148-2:2016

Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 2: Verification of testing machines

GB/T 3808 

Verification of pendulum-type impact testing machines

ISO 148-3:2016

Metallic materials. Charpy pendulum impact test. Preparation and characterization of Charpy V-notch test pieces for indirect verification of pendulum impact machines


Main technical specification Impact test sample:

Arc   Curved Notch typeStandard  Energy   valueEnergy   Level Mark
    Arc Curved notchR228.6JLow energy5 pcs/set
R281.9JMiddle energy5 pcs/set
R2127JHigh energy5 pcs/set
R2232JSuper high energy5 pcs/set
R829.6JLow energy5 pcs/set
R893JMiddle energy5 pcs/set
R8142JHigh energy5 pcs/set
R8266JSuper high energy5 pcs/set
   V notchLV220.7JLow energy5 pcs/set
MV2107.8JMiddle energy5 pcs/set
HV2155.9JHigh energy5 pcs/set
LV813.6JLow energy5 pcs/set
MV8106.1JMiddle energy5 pcs/set
HV8160JHigh energy5 pcs/set


Tensile test reference samples


TypeSpecificationOriginal gauge lengthParallel lengthMaximum forceHead sizeTensile strengthYield strengthFor machineMark
Tensile samples of bars at room temperatureΦ5mm25mm30mm13KNM12mm650MPa382MPa100KN or less5 pc/set
Φ10mm50mm60mm52KNM16mm650MPa390MPa300KN or less5 pc/set
Φ15mm75mm85mm120KNΦ20mm720MPa440MPa200-600KN5 pc/set
Φ25mm125mm150mm330KNΦ32mm710MPa400MPa500-2000KN5 pc/set
Tensile Samples of rebarΦ16mm80mm450mm100KNΦ16mm680MPa525MPa150-500KN5 pc/set
Φ12mm60mm400mm60KNΦ12mm580MPa430MPa
5 pc/set
Φ18mm80mm450mm15KNΦ18mm599MPa439MPa
5 pc/set


TypeSpecificationOriginal gauge lengthParallel lengthParallelismRoughnessModulus   of Elasticity (E)MaterialMark
Tensile modulus of elasticity   quality control sample of metallic materialΦ10mm100mm120mm0.005mm0.8μm73.5 GPaAluminum   alloy3 pc/set
Φ10mm100mm120mm0.005mm0.8μm203.6 GPaSteel3 pc/set


TypeSpecificationOriginal gauge lengthParallel lengthMaximum forceHead sizeTensile strengthFor machineMark
Tensile sample with a thin strip at room   temperature0.3X12.5mm50mm
2KN20mm300MPa20KN or less5 pc/set
Sheet standard samples1.2X20mm80mm120mm8KN35mm295.5MPa
5 pc/set
Tensile sample of high-strength steel sheet1.2X20mm80mm120mm
35mm800- 900MPa
5 pc/set
Aluminum alloy sheet tensile sample3X12.5mm50mm60mm
20mm433MPa
5 pc/set


Charpy impact test verification specimens

Standard

ISO 148-3 Charpy V-notch test pieces for indirect verification of pendulum impact machines

ISO 148-3 core focus is to establish unified rules for manufacturing, qualification, certification and proper use of Charpy V-notch reference test pieces, which are essential for the indirect verification of Charpy impact machines as required by ISO 148-2.

ISO 148-1 Metal Charpy pendulum impact test methods

ISO 148-1 defines the method for the Charpy (V-notch & U-notch) pendulum impact test to determine the absorbed energy when a notched metallic specimen is broken by a single swinging pendulum blow. It does not cover instrumented impact testing (that belongs to ISO 14556). 

ISO 148-2 Verification Charpy impact testing machines

ISO 148-2 specifically formulated for the verification, calibration and performance inspection of Charpy pendulum impact testing machines used in Charpy impact tests per ISO 148-1

ASTM E23 Impact Test Methods for Metal Notched Bar

ASTM E23 covers both Charpy (simple‑beam) and Izod (cantilever‑beam) notched-bar impact tests. It applies to all metallic materials for impact tests using pendulum machines.

ASTM E2298 Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

ASTM E2298 dedicated to instrumented Charpy V-notch (CVN) and miniaturized Charpy V-notch (MCVN) impact tests for metallic materials. Instead of only obtaining a single absorbed energy value, this standard extracts force, displacement and segmented energy parameters to analyze the full fracture process. 

ISO 14556 Instrumented Impact Test Charpy V-notch pendulum impact

ISO 14556 applies exclusively to instrumented Charpy V-notch pendulum impact tests for all metallic materials. It captures real-time force-displacement curves and a full set of dynamic characteristic parameters. 

EN 10045-1 Charpy Impact Test for Iron and Steel Castings

EN 10045‑1 regulates the Charpy simple-beam pendulum impact test for metallic materials, covering both V-notch and U-notch specimens. It defines unified rules for specimen preparation, machine requirements, operating conditions and result reporting.

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