ISO 5470-1 Abrasion Test of Rubber or Plastics Coated Fabrics by Taber Abrader Method

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ISO 5470-1: Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics -- Determination of abrasion resistance -- Part 1: Taber abrader.

ISO 5470-1 specifies a method for determining the abrasion resistance of rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics using the Taber abrader apparatus. This test simulates wear under controlled conditions to evaluate a material's durability. Suitable for industrial textiles suitable for rubber or plastic coatings.

Specific Test Method & Principle:

Principle: A conditioned coated-fabric specimen is mounted on the rotating turntable. Two weighted abrasive wheels rotate against the specimen surface in opposite directions, creating a scrubbing action. The test runs for a fixed number of cycles (e.g., 1000, 5000). Post-test, the specimen is reweighed, and mass loss is calculated to assess abrasion resistance. Lower mass loss indicates better wear resistance.

The test method involves mounting a flat, circular specimen on a rotating platform (the Taber abrader). Two specified abrasive wheels, under a defined load, are lowered onto the specimen's surface. The specimen rotates under the wheels, creating a circular abrasion pattern.

Test equipment required for ISO 5470-1 Test:

Taber Abrasion Tester	Turntable: Nominal diameter of 100 mm. Rotation speed shall be 72 rev/min (60 Hz power supply) or 60 rev/min (50 Hz power supply). It must be flat and stable (vertical oscillation ≤ 0.05 mm on a 45 mm radius). Abrasive Wheel Arms: Two symmetrical, hinged arms that hold the abrasive wheels. They must be positioned so that the vertical projection of their common pivot axis is 19.1 mm ± 0.1 mm from the turntable's center axis. Wheel Position: The inside face of each abrasive wheel must be 26.2 mm ± 0.1 mm from the center point of the turntable. Loading: Arms should be designed to exert a base force of 2.5 N each. They must allow for adding counterweights and additional weights (4.5) to achieve the load specified in the product standard.
Abrasive Wheels	Two freely rotating wheels (e.g., CS-10, H-18) mounted on hinged arms; contact specimen surface at ~25 mm from turntable center. Solid abrasive wheels: Thickness 12.7 mm ± 0.1 mm, external diameter 51.6 mm ± 0.1 mm when new (never below 44.4 mm). Rubber-clad wheels with abrasive paper: A metal disc with a 6 mm thick rubber layer (hardness 50-55 IRHD per ISO 48); bonded with a strip of grade 180 silicon carbide paper/cloth.
Additional Weights	For applying the specified load to each abrasive wheel.
Suction Device	It includes two nozzles (internal diameter 8 mm ± 0.5 mm) positioned 1.5 mm ± 0.5 mm above the test piece.
Clamping Fixture	Secures specimen firmly; rigid backing for thin samples.

Test Specimen information:

Shape & Dimensions: Circular discs with a diameter ranging from 105mm to 115mm. Each specimen must have a central hole of 6.35mm diameter for mounting on the turntable.

Sampling: Specimens must be cut from non-adjacent positions distributed randomly throughout the sample roll or sheet to ensure representativeness.

Quantity: The standard specifies testing two test pieces. However, in cases of dispute, three to six test pieces should be cut and tested.

Preparation for Thin Samples: For thin or flexible coated fabrics, the specimen must be carefully fixed to a rigid backing (cardboard or solid boar) using double-sided adhesive tape. This prevents distortion. The mass of this supported assembly is weighed before testing.

The general Test procedure of ISO 5470-1 test:

Conditioning: Condition specimens and abrasive wheels in the standard laboratory atmosphere.

Preparation: Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg. Mount it securely on the turntable. Set turntable speed to 60 rpm and load to 500 g per wheel.

Setup:Select the appropriate abrasive wheels and attach them to the loading arms. Apply the specified load (e.g., 1000g total, 500g per wheel). Lower the wheels onto the specimen surface. Set the vacuum for dust removal.

Carefully apply double-sided adhesive tape to the back of the test piece, avoiding wrinkles or distortion. Ensure the tape does not cover the central mounting hole.

Fix the prepared test piece onto a non-flexible cardboard support or solid board (for thin samples).

Determine and record the mass of this mounted test piece assembly to the nearest 1 mg using a balance.

Testing: Start the machine for a predetermined number of cycles (e.g., 1000, 5000) or until a defined endpoint (like a hole) is reached. The turntable speed is standardized.

Set the cycle counter to the limit required by the material or product specification.

Mount the test piece (on its backing board) securely onto the turntable of the abrader.

Lower the abrasive wheels onto the surface of the test piece.

Start the machine. The turntable will rotate at a fixed speed (72 rev/min for 60 Hz or 60 rev/min for 50 Hz power supply), causing the wheels to abrade a circular track on the specimen.

The test continues for the predetermined number of cycles or until a stopping criterion (end-point) is reached.

Assessment: After testing, remove the specimen, brush off loose debris, and re-weigh it. The mass loss in milligrams is the primary result. Alternatively, the number of cycles to endpoint or visual inspection of wear (change in appearance) may be reported.

Related Test Standard:

ISO 5470-2	Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics -- Determination of abrasion resistance -- Part 2: Martindale abrader. This specifies an alternative test method using a different apparatus (Martindale) and motion.
ISO 20344	Protective footwear – Test methods (references ISO 5470-1).
ISO 12947	While for woven fabrics, it is a related abrasion resistance standard series (Martindale method).
GB/T 30314	Chinese equivalent standard to (identical to ISO 5470-1:2016).

ISO 5470-1 Plastics Coated Fabrics Taber Abrasion Test Application

This test is applied to rubber-coated fabrics and plastics-coated fabrics. It is widely used in industries producing:

Protective clothing and workwear;

Upholstery, furniture, and automotive interiors;

Inflatable products and tarpaulins;

Conveyor belts and other technical textiles;

Its purpose is to compare the relative abrasion resistance of different coated fabrics or to ensure a product meets a minimum durability specification.

Taber Abrasion Tester is a globally recognized standard device for accelerated testing of material wear resistance. By simulating actual working conditions through rotational friction, it quickly evaluates the material's surface wear resistance, scratch resistance, and durability.

Q1: What is the purpose of the ISO 5470-1 test?

A: This standard describes a method for assessing the abrasive wear resistance of rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics using a Taber abrader. It simulates wear under controlled, rotating rubbing action to evaluate the material's durability.

Q2. What is the difference between ISO 5470-1 and ISO 5470-2?

A:ISO 5470-1: Taber abrasion method (rotary platform, two abrasive wheels).

ISO 5470-2: Martindale method (oscillating flat abrasion), mainly used for conventional textiles and upholstery.

They are two different abrasion test principles for coated fabrics.

Q3. How to judge invalid test results?

A: Results are invalid if:

Specimen slips during testing

Damage occurs near the clamping area

Abrasive wheels are worn or contaminated abnormally

Such specimens should be discarded and retested.

Q4. Why is ISO 5470-1 important for coated fabrics?

A:It evaluates service life and durability under abrasive wear.

Ensures batch-to-batch quality consistency.

Supports material selection and formulation optimization.

Meets product specifications and regulatory requirements for industrial and protective applications.

Provides internationally comparable test data for global trade.

Q5. Why is ISO 5470-1 important for coated fabrics?

A:It evaluates service life and durability under abrasive wear.

Ensures batch-to-batch quality consistency.

Supports material selection and formulation optimization.

Meets product specifications and regulatory requirements for industrial and protective applications.

Provides internationally comparable test data for global trade.

Q6: How is the test result determined or reported?

A: There are two primary methods (Clause 8):

Endpoint Method (8.1): Report the number of cycles required to reach a defined failure point. The endpoint can be: a change in color (using ISO 105-A02 grey scale), exposure of the substrate, a specified mass loss, or a change in a physical property.

Gravimetric Method (8.2): Report the average loss in mass, expressed in milligrams per 100 cycles. This is calculated by weighing the specimen before and after the test.

Q7: How is the abrasive wheel itself calibrated?

A: If required by a product specification, the abrasive power of the wheels is calibrated using a standard zinc plate reference specimen (Annex A). The procedure involves running the test on the zinc plate under specified conditions and measuring its mass loss. Wheels should be calibrated upon receipt and every 3 months.

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