Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry
ISO 18164:2005 Passenger car, truck, bus and motorcycle tyres — Methods of measuring rolling resistance
ISO 18164 specifies methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled laboratory conditions, for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on passenger cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles. The relationship between values obtained and the fuel economy of the vehicle is undetermined, and such values are not intended to be used to indicate levels of performance or quality.
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ISO 28580 Passenger car truck, bus and motorcycle tyres — Methods of measuring rolling resistance Single point test Wheel Radial Load Fatigue Testing Machines (UT1015) |
Core Principle: Rolling resistance arises from energy loss when a tire is repeatedly deformed under load during rolling (hysteresis loss is the main factor). The test measures the energy (or force) required to maintain the tire rolling at a constant speed on a drum tester, then deducts parasitic losses (equipment - related energy losses) to obtain the actual rolling resistance of the tire.
Key Definitions:
Rolling Resistance (Fr): Energy loss per unit distance, expressed in newtons (N).
Rolling Resistance Coefficient (Cr): Ratio of rolling resistance to the load on the tire.
Parasitic Loss: Systemic losses from the test equipment itself (e.g., bearing friction, aerodynamic loss of rotating parts), which must be measured and deducted.
Step - by - Step Test Procedure for the rolling resistance test:
| Pre - Test Preparation: | Mount the new tire on a standard test rim and inflate it to the specified pressure (either capped inflation or regulated inflation can be selected). Install the assembly on the drum tester, align it perpendicular to the drum surface, and apply the specified load (usually the tire's rated load). Pre - run the tire for break - in to stabilize its performance, and perform thermal conditioning to make the tire reach the specified temperature. |
| Warm - up: | Run the tire at the test speed (e.g., 80 km/h for passenger cars) until thermal and mechanical stability is achieved (typically 15–30 minutes). |
| Formal Measurement: | Maintain constant speed and load, and record the force, torque, or power data continuously (for 3–5 minutes). Measure parasitic losses via the skim test: Reduce the tire load to a near - zero level (so tire - internal losses are negligible) while keeping it rolling, and record the equipment's inherent loss data. |
| Data Processing: | Deduct parasitic losses from the measured total loss to get the tire's pure rolling resistance. Calculate the rolling resistance coefficient Cr = Fr / Fz (Fr = rolling resistance, Fz = tire load). |
| Report: | Record test conditions (speed, load, pressure, temperature) and results (Fr and Cr). |
Key Test Conditions
Speed: Usually 80 km/h (passenger cars); adjusted for trucks/buses/motorcycles as per the standard.
Load: Normally the tire’s maximum rated load (or a specified percentage).
Pressure: Follow the tire’s recommended pressure (regulated inflation maintains constant pressure during operation).
Temperature: The ambient and tire temperature are controlled to avoid the impact of temperature on the results.
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