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ISO 13477 RCP Test of thermoplastics pipes resistance to rapid crack propagation

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ISO 13477 RCP Test Machine Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) 


ISO 13477 standard applicable to the assessment of the performance of thermoplastics pipes intended for the supply of gases or liquids. In the latter case, air can also be present in the pipe.

The test method for resistance to rapid crack propagation of thermoplastic pipes mainly includes small-scale steady-state test (S4 test). This test method specifies a standardized testing procedure in detail, ensuring comparability of test results between different laboratories and improving the reliability and repeatability of test data


Small scale steady-state test (S4 test)

The S4 test is a novel testing method that uses smaller sample sizes for testing, and can simulate the rapid crack propagation encountered by materials in practical applications under controlled conditions. This method is not only faster and more economical, but also more accurate in evaluating material properties


Test procdures and evaluation criteria

1, Sample preparation: Select suitable thermoplastic pipe samples and perform necessary processing, such as cutting them into specimens of the specified size.

2, Apply pressure and temperature control: Conduct tests under specified temperature and internal pressure to simulate actual usage conditions.

3, Crack monitoring and recording: Monitor the propagation of cracks through specific equipment and methods, and record relevant data.

4, Data analysis: Calculate indicators of the ability to withstand rapid crack propagation based on experimental results, such as crack propagation rate and critical pressure, to provide quantitative evaluation basis for material properties

ISO 13477 RCP Test of thermoplastics pipes resistance to rapid crack propagation

The significance and application of the Test

Through the S4 test, the safety and reliability of thermoplastic pipes in fluid transportation applications can be evaluated, reducing the risk of sudden rupture caused by material defects, which is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of public facilities such as water supply networks

In addition, this standard refers to advanced international testing theories and practices, promoting the exchange and mutual recognition of products and technologies at home and abroad.


Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) according to ISO 13477 (S4-test). 

Pipes occasionally fail suddenly due to brittle cracks that are several meters long, which propagate along the pipeline at the speed of sound, causing significant water loss. This phenomenon is called Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP). The condition for RCP to occur is when the operating pressure exceeds the critical pressure (PC) and is accompanied by a sudden pressure surge or water hammer action causing cracks. According to the S4 test of ISO 13477, 25 water filled pipe sections measuring 2.42 meters in length and 315 millimeters in diameter were tested at 3 ° C to evaluate the relationship between PC and wall thickness. For pipelines filled with water, thicker pipe walls significantly improve resistance to RCP. The residual pipeline extrusion stress has a significant negative impact. A multivariate statistical model and fracture mechanics model have been developed to quantitatively describe these effects and can be used to calculate whether RCP is possible.

ISO 13477 RCP Test of thermoplastics pipes resistance to rapid crack propagationISO 13477 RCP Test of thermoplastics pipes resistance to rapid crack propagation


UnitedTest supply the testing program strictly follows the defined standards to control the testing temperature and pressure to reflect real-world conditions. 

The fluid used in the test reflects the characteristics of the expected application or serves as an equivalent substitute. The internal baffle and external cage play a crucial role in rapidly reducing pressure before slowing down crack propagation, ensuring the controllability of testing conditions. This carefully designed technique achieved steady-state rapid crack propagation (RCP) in short tube specimens, providing a more efficient alternative to full-scale testing. After testing, the inspected pipeline will be carefully examined to determine if cracks have occurred to prevent or propagate. A series of tests conducted at different pressures and constant temperatures enable precise determination of the critical pressure, critical ring stress, and critical temperature of RCP.

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