ISO 813 Adhesion Strength of Rubber to Rigid Substrates 90 Degree Peel Test

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ISO 813 — Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of adhesion to a rigid substrate – 90° peel method

ISO 813 specifies a laboratory 90° peel method to determine the adhesion strength of a vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber strip deliberately bonded to a single rigid substrate plate, by measuring the force required to peel the rubber away at (nominally) 90° under a controlled crosshead speed. Results are expressed as N/mm (force ÷ bonded width) .

Test Principle

The core principle of this test is to measure the force required to peel a rubber strip away from a rigid substrate at a constant 90° peel angle. The dimensions of the rubber strip and rigid substrate are strictly controlled. During the test, the pulling direction is maintained perpendicular to the bonding interface at all times. The recorded maximum peel force is used to calculate adhesion strength, and the failure mode of the bonded joint is also classified to analyze bonding quality. This test also enables the study of the viscoelastic properties of rubber adhesive bonds by adjusting test speeds and temperatures.

ISO 813 Adhesion Strength of Rubber to Rigid Substrates 90 Degree Peel Test

Example of ISO 813 peel test fixture.

Specific test method & geometry:

This standard exclusively adopts the 90° peel (not 180°, not T‑peel) method as the core test approach, with unified operational rules:

A rubber strip is pre-bonded to a rigid substrate to form a composite test specimen.

One end of the rubber is pre-separated slightly from the substrate and clamped in the testing machine.

The rubber is peeled off at a fixed speed while keeping the peel angle strictly at 90° relative to the bonding plane.

The maximum peel force is recorded, and adhesion strength is calculated based on specimen width.

The failure location of the bonded interface is categorized using unified symbols to judge adhesion quality.

This method is only applicable to general rubber materials and not suitable for rubber with hardness above 85 IRHD.

Test Specimen Information

Rubber strip (test area)	Thickness = 6.0 mm ±0.1 mm; Width = 25.0 mm ±0.1 mm; Length = 125 mm
Bonded area on substrate	A 25 mm × 25 mm ± 0.1 mm square area, located approximately at the middle of the substrate. The two ends of the substrate are masked to prevent extra bonding.
Rigid substrate strip	Width = 25.0 mm ±0.1 mm; Length = 60 mm ±1 mm; Thickness sufficient to prevent bending during peel (minimum ~1.5 mm recommended)
Number of test pieces	Four (4) pieces shall be tested
Pre‑test interval	At least 16 h after moulding before test
Specimen Preparation	Two types of moulds (multi-specimen or single-specimen) can be used. The bonding surfaces of rubber and substrate must be kept clean (free of dust, moisture, and contaminants). Adhesive is applied following the requirements of the selected adhesive system. For heat-curing adhesives, vulcanization and bonding are completed via heated pressing. After moulding, specimens are trimmed to standard sizes without exceeding dimensional tolerances or overheating the rubber. This test also supports testing post-vulcanization bonding of pre-vulcanized rubber.
Conditioning before test	Per ISO 23529: min 16 h at standard temp (23°C ±2°C or 27°C ±2°C) immediately before test

ISO 813 Rubber to Rigid Substrates Adhesion Strength Peeling Test Equipment:

Item	Requirement
Tensile testing machine	Complies with ISO 5893, Class 1 force accuracy. The moving grip operates at a traverse rate of 50 mm/min ± 5 mm/min; an inertialess dynamometer is recommended for force measurement.
90° peel fixture	Hold the substrate plate so the pull direction stays as nearly perpendicular as possible to the bond plane (≈90° to fixture face)
Rubber grip / clamp	Hold the free rubber end without slipping and without causing rupture of the rubber.
Temperature-controlled chamber (optional)	Used for non-standard temperature tests, capable of maintaining temperature within the tolerance specified in ISO 23529.
Auxiliary tools	Sharp knives, adhesive tape, moulds for specimen preparation, sanders, and dimensional measuring tools

Test Parameters & Stipulations

Parameter	Required condition
Crosshead speed	50 mm/min ±5 mm/min (default)
Peel angle	The 90° peel angle must be maintained during the entire peeling process using the dedicated fixture.
Test temperature / humidity	Unless otherwise specified: standard laboratory temperature per ISO 23529; if non‑standard, use preferred temperatures from ISO 23529 and apply proper soak/equilibrium
Initiation of peel	Before loading, knife‑part the rubber from substrate for ≈2 mm, avoiding induced tearing
During peeling	If rubber tends to tear instead of peeling cleanly along the bond, cut the rubber back to the substrate with the knife
Results	Adhesion strength = F_max (N) ÷ width (mm) (unit: N/mm)
Failure mode coding	R: Cohesive failure inside the rubber RC: Failure at rubber-adhesive interface CP: Failure at adhesive-primer interface PS: Failure at primer-substrate interface CS: Failure at adhesive-substrate interface (no primer used) D: Direct adhesion failure between rubber and substrate (no adhesive used) S: Failure inside the rigid substrate

Test procedure of ISO 813 Adhesion peeling test:

1, Place the conditioned specimen symmetrically on the 90° peel fixture, with the peeling end facing the operator.

2, Use a sharp knife to pre-separate the rubber from the substrate for about 2 mm, taking care not to create cracks in the rubber. Clamp the free rubber end into the tester grip.

3, For non-standard temperature tests, place the specimen in the temperature-controlled chamber until temperature equilibrium is reached.

4, Start the tensile machine at 50 mm/min ± 5 mm/min to peel the rubber completely from the substrate, and record the maximum peel force.

5, Trim the rubber edge in real time if rubber tearing occurs during peeling.

6, Observe and record the failure mode with the specified symbols.

7, Repeat the above steps for all four specimens.

8, Calculate adhesion strength and compile a complete test report as required.

Result Calculation: Adhesion Strength (N/mm) = Maximum recorded peel force (N) ÷ Width of the test specimen (mm)

Test Report Content: The report must include sample information (raw material, substrate, adhesive system), conditioning and test temperature, number of specimens, individual test data, failure mode symbols, and test date.

Industry Fields / Applications

Rubber manufacturing: Formula screening and performance verification for vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber compounds.

Adhesive industry: Development, performance testing and batch quality control of rubber-specific adhesives and primers.

Automotive industry: Testing adhesion of rubber parts (seals, hoses, damping components) bonded to metal, plastic or composite rigid substrates.

Construction industry: Quality inspection of rubber waterproof materials, sealing strips bonded to building substrates.

Electrical & electronic industry: Adhesion testing of rubber insulating parts fixed to metal or plastic bases.

General manufacturing: Routine production quality control for rubber composite parts bonded with rigid materials.

It is mainly used for laboratory research, material selection, product development and production process monitoring with lab-prepared standard specimens.

Related Test Standard:

ASTM D429	Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property; Adhesion to Rigid Substrates
GB/T 7760	Conveyor belts - Adhesion between constitutive elements - Test methods
NF T46-058	Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of adhesion to a rigid substrate - 90 o peel method.
ISO 5893	Specifications for rubber and plastics tensile, flexural and compression test equipment (constant traverse rate) — governs the performance requirements of the tensile testing machine.

WDW Series Computer Control Electronic Universal Testing Machine made by UNITEDTEST range from 100N to 600KN load capacity with various models like single columns, table type, door frame type etc., is used to perform tension, compression, flexure/bending, shearing, peeling etc., test for metal and nonmetal specimens.

Adhesion strength 90 degree peeling test fixture is a professional device used to measure the peel strength of adhesives at a 90° angle. It evaluates the resistance of the bonded interface to peeling by simulating a vertical peeling scenario.

T-Peel Resistance Test Fixture for Adhesives is based on ASTM D1876 standard, used to measure the adhesion strength of adhesive maeterial. ASTM D1876 peel strength test method is commonly used to measure the strength of adhesive bonds between two sealed materials.

Q1: What exactly is ISO 813 testing?

A: It measures how strongly a vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber strip is bonded to a rigid substrate plate by peeling the rubber off at ~90° under a controlled speed, and expressing the result as adhesion strength = max force ÷ bonded width (N/mm), plus a failure-mode code showing wherethe bond failed.

Q2: Why is this test important? Why not just test rubber tensile/tear?

A: Because in service, rubber parts usually fail at the joint, not in the middle of the rubber:

Poor surface prep (oil, oxide, dust, moisture)

Wrong or old adhesive/primer

Bad mix ratio, pot life, cure

Plating/coating defects on metal

ISO 813 gives you a comparable N/mm value anda failure-mode symbol so you can tell whether a “low number” is a real adhesion problem or simply rubber tearing (R) because the compound is soft/weak.

Q3: What’s special about “90° peel”? Why not 180°?

The 90° geometry keeps the peel direction close to perpendicular to the bond plane and is the defined configuration for this method.

The standard even describes/illustrates a fixture that holds the rigid plate so the pull stays as nearly 90° to the bond face as possible.

Q4: Is ISO 813 suitable for every rubber?

No. The Scope calls out a key limitation:

Not suitable for high-hardness rubbers, typically above ~85 IRHD, because the peel assumption/kinematics break down and the rubber won’t peel properly.

Q5: Why must the bonding surface be kept clean during specimen preparation?

A: Dust, moisture and contaminants will seriously reduce adhesion strength and cause abnormal interface failure, leading to inaccurate test results.

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