Information on the most widely used ASTM standards within the materials testing industry
ISO 1174-1: Assembly tools for screws and nuts — Driving squares
Part 1: Driving squares for hand socket tools
ISO 1174-1 specifies the dimensions, separation force and designation of driving squares for hand socket tools.
Scope & Boundaries
Applicable objects: Male/female driving squares for hand socket tools (e.g., hand wrench drives, socket square holes).
Exclusions: Driving squares for power tools (covered by ISO 1744‑2), non‑square drives, and dynamic/impact‑rated drive interfaces.
Core purpose: Ensure dimensional compatibility, stable assembly retention, and unified product designation across global hand socket tool supply chains.
Separation Force Test (Retention Performance)
| Drive Size (mm) | Minimum Axial Separation Force (N) |
|---|---|
| 6.3 | 4 |
| 10 | 11 |
| 12.5 | 25 |
| 20 | 55 |
Test method: Apply force gradually along the drive axis (no impact) until separation; the drive must not disengage below the specified force.
Purpose: Prevent accidental disconnection during hand tightening operations.
Test Process & Acceptance Criteria:
Dimensional inspection: Use calibrated micrometers/gauges to verify side length, corner radius, and tolerance compliance.
Separation force test:
Mount the drive assembly on a tensile tester with coaxial alignment.
Apply steady axial force at ≤10 N/s until separation.
Record the separation force; pass if ≥ the minimum value for the size.
Visual check: No cracks, deformation, or burrs that affect fit or force performance.
Core Value & Applications:
Interchangeability: Enables global compatibility of hand wrenches, sockets, and accessories (e.g., extensions).
Safety & reliability: Prevents drive disengagement during use, reducing tool damage and operator injury risks.
Quality control: Serves as a production/inspection benchmark for tool manufacturers in automotive, machinery, and maintenance sectors.
Related Standard
ISO 6789 (now split into ISO 6789‑1:2017 and ISO 6789‑2:2017) is the global standard for hand torque tools, defining conformance testing, calibration, tolerances, and marking to ensure reliable torque control in bolted connections. It applies to indicating (Type I) and setting (Type II, e.g., click) torque wrenches, covering design validation, production quality checks, and recalibration. ISO 6789 is applicable for the step by step (static) and continuous (quasi-static) calibration of torque measurement devices, the torque of which is defined by measuring of the elastic form change of a deformable body or a measured variable which is in proportion to the torque.
ASME B107.300 establishes dimensional, performance, safety, and marking requirements for assembly torque tools. Its core purpose is to ensure that these tools are manufactured to be strong, durable, and safe for the user, providing a minimum performance benchmark for the industry.
ASTM E2428: Standard Practice for Calibration and Verification of Elastic Torque Measurement Standards
ASTM E2428 specify the procedure for the calibration and verification of elastic torque measurement standards.
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