ISO 105-D02 Textiles Colorfastness Test

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Flexural & Bend tests evaluate material resistance to bending forces, measuring strength, stiffness and ductility for quality assurance. UnitedTest provides flexural testing machines (3-point/4-point bend) compliant with ASTM/ISO standards, offering tailored solutions for composites, plastics, metals and construction materials.

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ISO 105-D02: Textiles – Tests for colour fastness Part D02 : Colour fastness to rubbing : Organic solvents

ISO 105-D02 defines a uniform lab testing method to quantify textile colour resistance against combined mechanical rubbing plus organic solvent spot cleaning (hand-applied local stain removal with dry-cleaning solvents), excluding loose staple fibre as test object. It answers the question — If a garment/upholstery gets dabbed or rubbed with a dry-cleaning solvent to remove a spot, will the dye bleed, transfer, or fade?

Test Principle

A standardized cotton rubbing cloth fully soaked with specified organic solvent is mechanically rubbed back and forth against conditioned textile specimens under fixed load and stroke parameters. After air-drying the rubbing cloth, inspect two critical indicators via certified grey scales:

Colour change of original test specimen (fading degree);

Colour staining on solvent-wetted rubbing cotton (dyestuff migration).

The test simulates real-life hand spot stain removal: when consumers use dry-cleaning hydrocarbon/halogen solvents to erase local stains on garments, simultaneous friction transfers soluble dyestuff onto adjacent fabrics or cleaning cloths. Modified equipment version feeds solvent from inside a hollow friction head instead of pre-soaking cotton externally, achieving identical simulation effect.

ISO 105-D02 Test Specimen Info:

Fabric samples: Prepare two separate specimens (≥50 mm ×140 mm each per single solvent test): one with long edge parallel to warp direction, another aligned to weft direction to test two fabric grain orientations individually;

Yarn-only raw material: Either knit yarn into solid fabric reaching 50×140mm dimension, or wind parallel yarn layers flat onto a smooth glass substrate to form valid test surface;

Exclusion rule: Loose discrete fibres cannot be directly tested under this standard.

Test devie and equipment use for the ISO 105-D02 color fastness test:

1, Core Apparatus — Rubbing Device
Friction head diameter	Φ16 mm standard round finger
Vertical downward load	(9 ±0.2) N calibrated deadweight
Single back-and-forth rubbing stroke	(104 ±3) mm linear travel on specimen
Standard operation frequency	10 full reciprocating rubs within 10 seconds
2, Alternative / Modified Apparatus
The standard also permits a modified design: the finger is replaced by a moving hollow tube ending in a grille (metal screen) base, with a plug of cotton inside and the outside of the grille covered with wool flannel. In this variant: The rubbing cotton cloth is placed dry on the wool flannel; 3 mL of solvent is dripped intothe hollow tube onto the internal cotton plug.
3, Materials & Consumables
Rubbing cotton cloth	Squares 50 mm × 50 mm, compliant with ISO 105-F09
Grating	Stainless steel wire, Ø 1 mm, mesh width ~ 20 mm — the cloth is placed on this for even solvent wetting
Solvents	Perchloroethylene, White spirit, Solvent F (flammable hydrocarbon / high-flash petroleum solvent), or other petroleum hydrocarbons
Grey Scales	ISO 105-A02 (change) + ISO 105-A03 (staining)

Test Parameters

Parameter	Value / Tolerance
Scope exclusions	Loose fibre not covered
Rubbing head Ø	16 mm
Stroke / track	(104 ± 3) mm on specimen
Downward force	(9 ± 0.2) N
Number of strokes	10 to-and-fro cycles in 10 s
Solvent quantity on cloth	= own mass of the cotton rubbing cloth (dropped uniformly via grating)
Post-rub drying temp.	≤ 60 °C (hang in air)
Rating system	5-point scale (Grade 5 = excellent/no change; Grade 1 = severe change), with half-grade resolution via grey scales

ISO 105-D02 colour fastness of textiles Test Procedure:

Step 1 — Prepare Specimens: Cut fabric specimens ≥ 50 × 140 mm. Prepare one warp and one weft for each solvent you intend to test.

Step 2 — Wet the Rubbing Cloth with Solvent: Place the 50×50 mm cotton rubbing cloth (ISO 105-F09) on the stainless steel grating.

Uniformly drop solvent (e.g. perchloroethylene, white spirit, solvent F) onto the cloth — the amount added = the cloth's own mass.

(Alternatively, use the hollow-tube/wool-flannel modification)

Step 3 — Rub: Place the solvent-soaked cloth at the end of the apparatus finger.

Rub it to and fro along a ~100 mm track on the specimen: 10 complete cycles in 10 seconds; Downward force = 9 N

Repeat this for warp direction and weft direction, and for each solvent.

Step 4 — Dry: Hang the rubbing cotton cloth in air to dry at ≤ 60 °C.

Step 5 — Assess: Evaluate colour change of the specimen → ISO 105-A02 grey scale

Evaluate staining of the rubbing cotton → ISO 105-A03 grey scale

Remove/pulled-out coloured fibres from the cloth surface before judging staining — judge only true dye stain

Step 6 — Report: The test report must state: 1), Standard reference: ISO 105-D02:2016; 2) Full sample identification details; 3) Numerical ratings for colour change AND for staining (report the direction — warp or weft — that showed the heavierstaining); 4) Type of solvent used

Test Application (Industry Field)

ISO 105-D02 is relevant wherever textiles encounter solvent-based cleaning in service life or maintenance:

Apparel / Fashion	Garments labelled "Dry Clean Only" (especially silk, wool, structured jackets, formalwear, embellished pieces); dyes must survive perc/hydrocarbon spotting without bleeding onto adjacent areas or the garment itself
Upholstery & Contract Textiles	Sofas, automotive interiors, aircraft cabin textiles — often spot-cleaned with solvents on-site; colour transfer to wipes/cloths = customer complaint
Technical / Industrial Textiles	Filter fabrics, conveyor belts, protective clothing — may be de-greased with solvents
Luxury & Branded Goods QC	Brand reputation depends on no colour runduring professional after-sales care
Testing Labs & Certification Bodies	Required for compliance documentation, supplier qualification, and buyer tech-packs
Dye-houses & R&D	Selecting dyes/fixation processes that are solvent-stable — D02 data feeds directly into process optimisation

Related standard:

AATCC 8	Colorfastness to Crocking (Wet & Dry)
AATCC 165	Colorfastness to Crocking: Textile Floor Coverings-Crockmeter
ISO 105-X12	Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing
ISO 105-X01	Colour Fastness to Flat Abrasion, Related test for flat surface abrasion resistance
GB/T 3920	Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to rubbing

Dual-station electric friction color fastness tester is suitable for testing the degree of color fading of fabrics and leather after rubbing. The test method involves using dry or wet white cotton cloth wrapped around a friction cone.

Colour fastness friction tester is suitable for textiles, knitwear, leather, electrochemical metal plate, printing and other industries. Conforms to ISO105x12 and GB3920-2008 standards, and is tested for color fastness friction performance.

Q1: What exactly is ISO 105-D02:2016?

A: It is an international standard (also adopted as EN ISO 105-D02 in Europe) that specifies a method to determine how well the colour of textiles resists the combined action of rubbing and organic solvents used in spot‑cleaning or localized “spotting” (e.g., dry‑cleaning). It is part of the ISO 105 series on colour fastness testing.

Q2: Why is this test important for textiles?

A: Many garments and furnishings are cleaned with organic solvents (like perchloroethylene) rather than water. Some dyes can dissolve or migrate when exposed to these solvents, especially under friction. A fabric might pass normal washing tests but still bleed during professional dry‑cleaning, causing irreversible staining. ISO 105‑D02 provides a controlled, reproducible way to catch this risk before products reach consumers, protecting brand reputation and reducing liability.

Q3: Which textiles does the standard cover?

A: It applies to all kinds and forms of textiles except loose fibre. This includes woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, yarns (when formed into a fabric or wrapped on a plate), and finished goods. Loose fibre is excluded because the rubbing action cannot be consistently applied.

Q4: What solvents are used in the test?

A: The standard lists perchloroethylene (PCE), white spirit, solvent F, or other petroleum hydrocarbons as typical solvents. The exact solvent(s) used must be reported in the test results.

Q5: How are results interpreted?

A: Results are rated on a 5‑point grey scale (Grade 5 = excellent/no change; Grade 1 = severe change), with half‑grades allowed. Two ratings are given:

Change in colour of the specimen itself.

Staining of the rubbing cloth (ignoring any loose fibres pulled out during rubbing).

The direction (warp or weft) showing the heavier staining is reported.

Q6: How does ISO 105‑D02 differ from the common crocking test (ISO 105‑X12)?

A: ISO 105‑X12 tests colour fastness to rubbing with dry or wet water (no solvent). ISO 105‑D02 specifically uses organic solvents to simulate dry‑cleaning spot treatment. The failure mechanisms are different—some dyes stable in water may dissolve in solvents. Therefore, D02 is essential for items labelled “Dry Clean Only.”

Q7: Are there safety concerns with the solvents?

A: Yes. Solvents like perchloroethylene are hazardous (toxic, possible carcinogen) and flammable hydrocarbons require ventilation and proper handling. Laboratories must follow local regulations for storage, use, and disposal. The standard itself does not detail safety measures, so labs must implement their own controls.

Q8: Can I use this test for loose fibres?

A: No. The standard explicitly excludes loose fibre because the rubbing action cannot be applied uniformly. For loose fibre, other ISO 105 parts (e.g., D01 for dry‑cleaning colour fastness by immersion) are more appropriate.

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ISO 105-D02 Textiles Colorfastness Test - Organic solvents